Flashcards in Intellectual Disability, Autism and FAS Deck (51)
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1
What three areas much have deficits to be considered IDD?
1. intellectual functioning
2. adaptive functioning (social, conceptual, practical)
3. Must occur durring developmental period
2
What are the three general areas of adaptive functions that people with IDD might need help with?
communication, social participation and independent living
3
THe severity levels of IDD are based on what 3 domains?
conceptual, social and practical
4
Describe the conceptual, or academic, domain in IDD?
this domain reflects skills associated with the ability to learn and remember what is learned, especially in school
5
What intelligence test is often used for infant and toddler development (ages 1 month to 3 years 6 months)?
the bayleye scales of infant and toddler development (III)
6
What intelligence test is often used for preschool and primary kids, ages 2 years 6 months to 7 years 7 months?
the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI IV)
7
What intelligence test is used for children ages 6 years to 16 years 11 months?
the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV)
8
What is the MODERN way of computing IQ?
It reflects standard deviations form the average in !Q tests, with the SD generally 15.
9
What IQ score will give a person a classification of IDD?
69 and lower
10
What is the prevalence of IDD in the general population? Why has this dcreased?
only 1 %, down from 2% because of better prenatal care
11
What is the most common age of diagnosis for IDD and why?
10-14
because early adaptations mask cognitive problems until they "age out" of abilities
12
What percentage of ID cases are of unknown etiology?
75% (most of these range from 50-70)
13
What are the maternal infections that give high risk for fetal ID?
rubella, CMV, syphillis, toxoplasmosis, AIDS, maternal hepatitis
14
What are some non-infectious disease conditions that increase risk for fetal ID?
toxemia, uncontrolled diabetes, maternal malnutrition, vaginal hemorrhage, placenta previa, prolapse of cord, anoxia during birth
15
What is cultural-familial retardation likely a result of?
just a normal process of distribution of IQ scores along the range, plus below-average intellectual environment
16
What is the prevalence rate for comorbid mood disorders in those weith IDD
40-75% (adjustment disorers, mood disorders, intermittent explosive disorder, and psychoses)
17
What should be included in the differential diagnosis for IDD?
chronic diseases (seizure disorder, CF, JRA), sensory handicaps, motor handicaps, chronic or acquired brain sydromes, autism, and schizophrenia
18
What are some of the facial features of FAS?
short palpebral fissure, flat midface, short nose, indistinct philtrum, thin upper lip...less common are epicanthal folds, low nasal bridge, minor ear anomalies and micrognathia
19
What are some of the head and neck abnormalities associated with down syndrome?
head: flat back, thick neck, abnormal ears, broad face, slanting eyes, short nose
20
What are some of the hand and feet abnromalities with down syndrome?
short broad hands, many loops on fingertips, one palm crease, big toes widely spaced
21
What are some of the internal organ abnormalitieis with down syndrome?
congenital heart disease, enlarged colon, umbilical hernia, abnormal pelvis, diminishe dmuscle tone, unilateral or bilateral absence of one rib, intestinal blockage
22
What are the three types of chromosomal abnormalities associated with down syndrome?
1. full trisomy
2. mosaicism
3. translocation of 21 and 15 - fusion of the two leads to an extra 21
23
What causes the mosiac form of down syndrome?
nondisjunction following fertilization
24
What percentage of full trisomy likely results in spontaneous abortions or stillbirths?
80%
25
During what weeks gestation are amniocentesis recommended if mom is older than 35?
14th and 16th weeks
26
What is the life expectancy in full trisomy 21?
40 yrs - usually signs of AD
27
What childhood cancer are people with down syndrome at higher risk for?
leukemias
28
True or false: individuals with mosaic down syndrome are always milder cases.
false - they're usually milder, but it depends on the level and distribution of the trisomic cells - they could have full blown symptoms
29
Why are the genes that cause down syndrome exceptions to a rule?
usuall overexpression of genes has little effect due to the body's regulating mechanism for gene products. But down syndrome genes are overexpressed and cause a bad phenotype
30
