Flashcards in Introduction and Dietary Guidelines Deck (25):
1
macronutrients
-use
-types
-quantity
-energy
-needed in alrge amounts
-fat, protein, carbs, alcohol
2
micronutrients
-uses
-quantity
-types
-cofactors and hormones
-needed in small amounts
-vitamins and minerals
3
what are essential nutrients
-things that can not be synthesized in large enough amounts to sustain health
-must be eaten
4
conditional essential nutrients
-typically not needed when in a healthy state but become essential in situations imposed by illness, physiologic stress, or deficiency
-carnitine with dialysis
5
diet record
-what
-span
-benefit
-use
-written record of individuals diet
-over 3 to 7 days (including weekend and weekdays)
-benefit is that they can record portion size
-used for clinical monitoring and research
6
24 recalls
-what
-challenge
-benefit
-use
-individual recalls what he/she ate in last 24 hours
-focus on portion size may be more difficult
-gives a sense of overall dietary patterns
-clinical monitoring and research
7
food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)
-what
-span
-benefit
-use
-frequency at which the individuals consume a specific food
-over 6 to 12 months
-helps gauge types of food and food patterns
-research
8
food supply and disappearance
-what
-use
-measures amount of raw materials that are consumed by the nation
-research and government/industry
9
NHANES
-performs physical exam, clinical assessment, and attain blood samples or other lab tests in person
-used for info about diet, typicallu utilize 24 hour recalls or perform FFQ's
10
BFRSS
conducted via telephone (this is a distinction from the NHANES)
-mainly assesses issues related to chronic disease and injury
11
US systems of dietary guidance for nutrients and dietary patterns
-nutrients: dietary reference intakes (DRI)
-dietary patterns: dietary guidelines for americans (DGA)
12
DRI
-dietary reference intake
-recommendations for intake of specific nutrients to promotes growth, maintain health or prevent disease
-values are developed for different sex and age groups
13
EAR
-average daily nutrient intake that meets 50% of populations needs
14
RDA
-2 SD's from EAR, adequate level for 98% of pop
-this is the most accurate
15
AI
-like RDa but without confirmation (observed/experimental data, but not enough evidence)
-once there is enough data, this becomes the RDA
16
UL
-highest daily intake below which most healthy people will see no adverse effects (greater than this there is toxicity)
17
AMDR
-% diet for each macronutrient (kCals) to provide essential nutrients and prevent chronic illness
18
DGA
-dietary guidelines for americans
-provides advise about good dietary habits to those who are 2 years or older
-basis for federal food and nutrition education programs
-looks at overall energy balance
-advises on what people should generally be eating instead of giving specific nutrient intake values
-examples are My plate and food pyramid
19
daily values (DV)
-standard nutrient intake values developed by FDA
-used as a reference for expressing nutrient content on nutrient labels
20
RDI
-reference daily intakes
-nutrient intake standards set by FDA based on the 1968 RDA's
-may differ from current RDA
21
daily reference values (DRV)
-nutrient intake standards established for protein, carbs, fat, and other nutrients
-lacking an RDA at that time
22
what are the exceptions to supplements not known to prevent human disease
-VB12 in people over 50
-follic acid in women of childbearing age or who are pregnant/ may become pregnant
-VitD in older adults/people with dark skin/limited exposure to sunlight
23
potential benefits of dietary supplements
-increased nutrient bioavailability as comopared to nutrients from food
-reversal or prevention of deficiencies
-crystalline VitB12 in setting of reduced gastric acid
-improved bioavailability
24
potential risks of supplements
-toxicity
-side effects
-impurities
-potentially decreased bioavailability
-drug nutrient interaction
-nutrient nutrient interaction
-false dietary security, could promote unhealthy eating
25