Renal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

role of the kidney

A
  • regulation of fluids and electrolytes
  • clearance of nitrogenous waste
  • maintenance of acid base balance
  • production of hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

CKD disease has how many stages that are marked by reduction of what

A
  • 5

- GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what happens in the last stage of CKD and how is it treated

A
  • renal failure

- renal replacement therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

RRT includes what

A
  • hemodialysis
  • peritoneal dialysis
  • continuous RRT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

almost half of all renal failure is caused by

A

-diabetes mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

goals of nutritional intervention in kidney disease

A
  • preservation of renal function
  • assist incontrol of uremic symptoms
  • nutrtional adequacy and lean body mass
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

causes of malnutrtion in renal patients

A
  • unpalatable diets
  • delayed gastric emptying
  • inflammation and infection
  • multiple meds
  • metabolic acidosis
  • social factors: loneliness, depression, poverty
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a technique to slow GFR decline and maintain nutritional status

A

-a protein controlled diet of 0.6-0.8 grams per kiogram is recommended for CKD patients not on dialysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how do we address sodium and fluid dysregulation

A
  • restrict diet to 1-3 grams of sodium daily

- possible fluid restriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

managements of hyophosphatemia

A

-restricted phospohorus diet and dietary phosphorus binders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what manifests into secondary hyperthyroidism in renal patients and why

A
  • vitamin D deficiency
  • liver can not hydroxylate vitamin D into its active form so it does not cause Ca absorption which would inhibit PTH release
  • however, without its inhibition, PTH is released and causes an increase in Ca resorption from bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

providing supplemental active vitamin D prevents

A
  • secondary hyperparathyroidism

- excess bone resorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what hormone can the kidney not produce during failure

A
  • EPO

- causes anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what can lead to protein breakdown in patients with kidney failure

A
  • metabolic acidosis
  • this is due to loss of normal acid secretion
  • treated with the administration of bicarbinate to maintain balance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the most common therapy for renal failure

A

-dialysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

hemodialysis can have what nutritional effects?

A
  • appetite changes
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • fatigue
  • constipation
  • protein loss
17
Q

what nutritional factors are recommended in patients on hemodialysis?

A
  • additional protein consumption (at least 1.2g/kg)
  • fiber intake in the range of 25-30 g/day
  • reduced sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and fluid
18
Q

what can peritoneal dialysis provide

  • what is recommended for these patients
  • what are some common side effects/ problems
A
  • a significant glucose load via the dialysate
  • increased satiety effect from the dialysate
  • higher risk for peritonitis
19
Q

nutrtional assessment of renal patients

-biochemical measures

A
  • monitoring dietary intake
  • dry weight trends
  • skinfold and muscle circumference
  • biochemical measure such as: albumin, blood urea nitrogen, creatine, potassium, and phosphorus