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psychology 1a > Introduction WEEK 1 > Flashcards

Introduction WEEK 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Scientific Investigation of mental processes

A

Psychology

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2
Q

Mental processes of human psychology

A

Thinking, Feeling, remembering

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3
Q

What is the feild of Behavioural Neuroscience called

A

Biopsychology

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4
Q

Defining which parts of the brain control different aspects of functioning is called

A

Localisation of Function

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5
Q

Computerised imigaging techniques that shows functioning of the brain in response to stimuli

A

PET Positron Emission Tomography

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6
Q

A part of the brain that when affected (lesion) Can speak fluently and follow rules of grammar but could not understand language or speak in a comprehensible manner to others

A

Wernicke’s Area (what are they saying)

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7
Q

Part iof the brain that if affected (lesion) the person is Unable to speak fluently but could understand language.

A

Broca’s Area (b-b-b-b-broca)

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8
Q

Area of study that examines the physical basis of psychological phenomena such as motivation, emotion and stress.

A

Biopsychology

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9
Q

Psychology grew out of….

A

Philosophy

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10
Q

Pysychological meaning transformed into mechanism

A

Psychological Event

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11
Q

biological and environmental influence is knows as

A

Nature Vs Nuture

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12
Q

fundamental philosophical/psychological questions that compare To What extent does knowledge of the world come from logic and reasoning or from observation and experience

A

Rationalism Vs empiricism

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13
Q

fundamental philosophical/psychological questions that compare knowledge vs guided by feelings
———- VS ———–

A

Reason Vs Emotion

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14
Q

fundamental philosophical/psychological questions that compare Are people making choices or responding to circumstances outside their control

A

Free Will Vs Determinism

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15
Q

fundamental philosophical/psychological questions that compare
Individualism vs ….

A

Rationality
(- genuine desire to help and relate to others
- self interest)

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16
Q

Father of Psychology, first lab in Leipzig Germany

A

Wilhelm Wundt 1832-1920

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17
Q

looking inward and reporting ones conscious experience

A

Introspection

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18
Q

Edward Titchener 1867-1927 created ….

A

Structuralism, periodic table of the consciousness

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19
Q

the study of consciousness was viewed as unscientific because

A

it could only be observed (the thoughts and feelings) by the person experiencing them

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20
Q

Emphasised function - helping individuals adapt to their environment

A

Functionalism

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21
Q

Broad system of theoretical assumptions used to make sense of something

A

Paradigm

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22
Q
  1. Set of theoretical assertions that provide a model.
  2. Shared set of metaphors
  3. Agreed methods that produce valid and useful data/information
    All the above are
A

Paradigm componenets

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23
Q

Psychology lacks a unified paradigm but rather splinters off into a number of schools of thought or….

A

perspectives

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24
Q

refers to the complex neuroendocrine system involved in the body’s stress response.

A

The HPA axis ( hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis)

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25
Q

What is the difference between correlation and causation

A

Correlation = relationship between two variables

Causation = one variable causes a change in another

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26
Q

What is the difference between sensation and perception

A

Sensation = detecting and encoding sensory information

perception = interpreting and making sense of that information

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27
Q

What is the difference between explicit and implicit memory

A

Explicit memory = conscious, intentional memory

Implicit memory = unconscious and unintentional

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28
Q

What is the primary function of the amygdala

A

The amygdala plays a crucial role in processing and regulating emotions, especially fear and aggression

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29
Q

What is the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information in memory called

A

memory consolidation

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30
Q

Who proposed the theory of cognitive development in children

A

Jean Piaget

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31
Q

What is the concept of reinforcement in operant conditioning

A

increasing the likelihood of a behavior by providing a reward or positive consequence

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32
Q

What is the primary focus of
social psychology

A

how individuals’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the presence of others.

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33
Q

Who is associated with the theory of psychoanalysis?

A

Sigmund Freud

34
Q

What is the difference between observational learning and classical conditioning

A

Observational learning = learning by observing others

classical conditioning= learning by associating two stimuli

35
Q

physiological reaction to a perceived threat, preparing the body for either confrontational or evasive action

A

fight-or-flight response

36
Q

What are the three components of attitudes

A

C cognitive (beliefs and thoughts),
A affective (emotional response), and
B behavioural (inclination to act).

mnemonic CAB

37
Q

a perceived improvement in their condition or symptoms due to believing they received an active treatment when, in reality, they did not

A

Placebo

38
Q

What is the definition of consciousness in psychology?

A

an individual’s awareness of their thoughts, feelings, sensations, and the external environment.

39
Q

…….perspective sees behaviour as being motivated by forces that individuals may not understand or be aware of.

A

Cognitive

40
Q

…….perspective would suggest that psychological science is the study of behaviour that is observable and measurable.

A

Behaviourist / behaviourism

41
Q

—–perspective sees our behaviours developing as a result of our species’ adaptation to the challenges of surviving across milennia

A

Evolutionary

42
Q

This perspective suggest that future behaviour is influenced by memory and analysis of past experience

A

Psychodynamic

43
Q

Psychodynamic approach proposes that people —-, —– and —– are associated in their minds

A

Thoughs, feelings and wishes

44
Q

Many mental processes are unconcious, and mental processes can conflict, leading to——– and ——- ——–

A

compromises and competing motives

45
Q

The psychodynamic approach is classed as unscientific as it does not meet the

A

Falsifiability Criterion
can not be proved or disproved

46
Q

Behaviourism focuses on the way —— can control behaviour through learning

A

stimuli

47
Q

This person know for the behaviourist perspective, Coined the phrase or perspective of Tabula Rasa (Blank Slate)

A

John Locke

48
Q

A spychologist who experimented with controlling infants environments to turn them into what ever he wanted

A

John Watson 1878-1958
Pioneer of American Behaviourism
(Little Albert Experiment)

49
Q

Developed Behaviourism concepts into a developed perspective

A

BF Skinner 1904-1990

50
Q

In behaviourism mental processes are the biproduct of….

A

environmental events (Stimuli)

51
Q

The mind is a black box a stimulus enters the box and a response comes out and what happens…

A

what happens inside the box is not of concern

52
Q

in behaviourism behaviour is the result of

A

learned experience

53
Q

Humanistic concept that is defined a: People are motivated to meet their full potential

A

Self- Actualisation (Humanistic)

54
Q

Perspective of Psychology that believes: People are innately good and will always choose adaptive, goal-oriented self actualising behaviours

A

Humanistic Perspective/Approach

55
Q

Humanistic approach is ——– centred

A

person centred

56
Q

Two Pioneers and founders of Humanistic theories

A

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers

57
Q

Humanistic theorists believe that problems occur when there is a discrepency between the

A

Ideal self and self concept

58
Q

Perspective focuses on the way people percieve, process and retrieve information

A

Cognitive Psychology

59
Q

(Cognitive Perspective)the environment provides inputs, which are transformed, stored and retrieved using various mental ‘programs’ leading to specific response outputs - that can be condensed into what matphor

A

The mind is like a computer (Cognitive Perspective)

60
Q

Study of psychological processes that reflect evolutionary process of natural selection

A

Evolutionary Psychology

61
Q

——- traits help organisms to adjust and survive in their environment (evolutionary)

A

Adaptive traits

62
Q

The study of animal behaviour (which may apply evolutionary approach to understanding animal bahaviour)

A

Ethology

63
Q

Explores the possible evolutionary and biological bases of human social behaviour

A

Sociobiology

64
Q

Application of evolutionary thinking to psychological phenomena

A

Evolutionary Psychology

65
Q

A surprising determinant of many personality traits and intellectual skills

A

Heriditability

66
Q

The Capacity to survive and produce offspring is called

A

Reproductive Success

67
Q

a term that means the influence on the reproductive success of genetically related individuals

A

Inclusive fitness

68
Q

subjective awareness of mental events

A

Consciousness

69
Q

Process of focusing concious awarness

A

attention

70
Q

According to psychodynamics, If I am currently subjectively aware, I am ——-

A

conscious

71
Q

According to Psychodynamics if I am not currently conscious but could be readily brought to consciousness, I am — ——–

A

pre conscious

72
Q

According to Psychodynamics if my thoughts are dynamically kept away from consciousness because they are threatening, they are ——–

A

unconscious

73
Q

Quality psychological research is characterised by

A

a theoretical framework, TF
standardised procedures, SP
Generalisability and G
objective measurement OM

74
Q

A variable that can be placed on a continuum is called

A

a continuous variable

75
Q

Angela is a cognitive psychologist. As a cognitive psychologist she:

A

infers mental processes from experimental data

76
Q

Behaviourists are not comfortable with studying mental events such as thoughts or feelings because:

A

they cannot be independently verified because they are not directly observable.

77
Q

Diane is keeping an in-depth record of her conscious awareness including sensation, images, feelings, and thoughts that she is aware of experiencing. Diane is practising what Wundt would call:

A

Introsepction

78
Q

My essay examines the relationship between conscious awareness and unconscious mental forces being analogous to the visible tip of an iceberg and the vast, submerged hulk that lies out of sight beneath the water. This notion best fits with which of the following perspectives?

A

Psychodynamic

79
Q

Study design that is useful if an experimental design is impractical.
takes advantage of natural groups as they exist in nature.

A

Quasi- Experimental

80
Q

A type of sample where a proportion is drawn from each population category.

A

A stratified random sample

psychology 1a (14 decks)

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