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Psychology 1A > Introduction WEEK 1 > Flashcards

Introduction WEEK 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Scientific Investigation of mental processes

A

Psychology

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2
Q

Mental processes of human psychology

A

Thinking, Feeling, remembering

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3
Q

What is the feild of Behavioural Neuroscience called

A

Biopsychology

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4
Q

Defining which parts of the brain control different aspects of functioning is called

A

Localisation of Function

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5
Q

Computerised imigaging techniques that shows functioning of the brain in response to stimuli

A

PET Positron Emission Tomography

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6
Q

A part of the brain that when affected (lesion) Can speak fluently and follow rules of grammar but could not understand language or speak in a comprehensible manner to others

A

Wernicke’s Area (what are they saying)

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7
Q

Part iof the brain that if affected (lesion) the person is Unable to speak fluently but could understand language.

A

Broca’s Area (b-b-b-b-broca)

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8
Q

Area of study that examines the physical basis of psychological phenomena such as motivation, emotion and stress.

A

Biopsychology

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9
Q

Psychology grew out of….

A

Philosophy

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10
Q

Pysychological meaning transformed into mechanism

A

Psychological Event

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11
Q

biological and environmental influence is knows as

A

Nature Vs Nuture

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12
Q

fundamental philosophical/psychological questions that compare To What extent does knowledge of the world come from logic and reasoning or from observation and experience

A

Rationalism Vs empiricism

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13
Q

fundamental philosophical/psychological questions that compare knowledge vs guided by feelings
———- VS ———–

A

Reason Vs Emotion

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14
Q

fundamental philosophical/psychological questions that compare Are people making choices or responding to circumstances outside their control

A

Free Will Vs Determinism

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15
Q

fundamental philosophical/psychological questions that compare
Individualism vs ….

A

Rationality
(- genuine desire to help and relate to others
- self interest)

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16
Q

Father of Psychology, first lab in Leipzig Germany

A

Wilhelm Wundt 1832-1920

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17
Q

looking inward and reporting ones conscious experience

A

Introspection

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18
Q

Edward Titchener 1867-1927 created ….

A

Structuralism, periodic table of the consciousness

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19
Q

the study of consciousness was viewed as unscientific because

A

it could only be observed (the thoughts and feelings) by the person experiencing them

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20
Q

Emphasised function - helping individuals adapt to their environment

A

Functionalism

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21
Q

Broad system of theoretical assumptions used to make sense of something

A

Paradigm

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22
Q
  1. Set of theoretical assertions that provide a model.
  2. Shared set of metaphors
  3. Agreed methods that produce valid and useful data/information
    All the above are
A

Paradigm componenets

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23
Q

Psychology lacks a unified paradigm but rather splinters off into a number of schools of thought or….

A

perspectives

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24
Q

refers to the complex neuroendocrine system involved in the body’s stress response.

A

The HPA axis ( hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis)

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25
What is the difference between correlation and causation
Correlation = relationship between two variables Causation = one variable causes a change in another
26
What is the difference between sensation and perception
Sensation = detecting and encoding sensory information perception = interpreting and making sense of that information
27
What is the difference between explicit and implicit memory
Explicit memory = conscious, intentional memory Implicit memory = unconscious and unintentional
28
What is the primary function of the amygdala
The amygdala plays a crucial role in processing and regulating emotions, especially fear and aggression
29
What is the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information in memory called
memory consolidation
30
Who proposed the theory of cognitive development in children
Jean Piaget
31
What is the concept of reinforcement in operant conditioning
increasing the likelihood of a behavior by providing a reward or positive consequence
32
What is the primary focus of social psychology
how individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the presence of others.
33
Who is associated with the theory of psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
34
What is the difference between observational learning and classical conditioning
Observational learning = learning by observing others classical conditioning= learning by associating two stimuli
35
physiological reaction to a perceived threat, preparing the body for either confrontational or evasive action
fight-or-flight response
36
What are the three components of attitudes
C cognitive (beliefs and thoughts), A affective (emotional response), and B behavioural (inclination to act). mnemonic CAB
37
a perceived improvement in their condition or symptoms due to believing they received an active treatment when, in reality, they did not
Placebo
38
What is the definition of consciousness in psychology?
an individual's awareness of their thoughts, feelings, sensations, and the external environment.
39
.......perspective sees behaviour as being motivated by forces that individuals may not understand or be aware of.
Cognitive
40
.......perspective would suggest that psychological science is the study of behaviour that is observable and measurable.
Behaviourist / behaviourism
41
-----perspective sees our behaviours developing as a result of our species' adaptation to the challenges of surviving across milennia
Evolutionary
42
This perspective suggest that future behaviour is influenced by memory and analysis of past experience
Psychodynamic
43
Psychodynamic approach proposes that people ----, ----- and ----- are associated in their minds
Thoughs, feelings and wishes
44
Many mental processes are unconcious, and mental processes can conflict, leading to-------- and ------- --------
compromises and competing motives
45
The psychodynamic approach is classed as unscientific as it does not meet the
Falsifiability Criterion can not be proved or disproved
46
Behaviourism focuses on the way ------ can control behaviour through learning
stimuli
47
This person know for the behaviourist perspective, Coined the phrase or perspective of Tabula Rasa (Blank Slate)
John Locke
48
A spychologist who experimented with controlling infants environments to turn them into what ever he wanted
John Watson 1878-1958 Pioneer of American Behaviourism (Little Albert Experiment)
49
Developed Behaviourism concepts into a developed perspective
BF Skinner 1904-1990
50
In behaviourism mental processes are the biproduct of....
environmental events (Stimuli)
51
The mind is a black box a stimulus enters the box and a response comes out and what happens...
what happens inside the box is not of concern
52
in behaviourism behaviour is the result of
learned experience
53
Humanistic concept that is defined a: People are motivated to meet their full potential
Self- Actualisation (Humanistic)
54
Perspective of Psychology that believes: People are innately good and will always choose adaptive, goal-oriented self actualising behaviours
Humanistic Perspective/Approach
55
Humanistic approach is -------- centred
person centred
56
Two Pioneers and founders of Humanistic theories
Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
57
Humanistic theorists believe that problems occur when there is a discrepency between the
Ideal self and self concept
58
Perspective focuses on the way people percieve, process and retrieve information
Cognitive Psychology
59
(Cognitive Perspective)the environment provides inputs, which are transformed, stored and retrieved using various mental 'programs' leading to specific response outputs - that can be condensed into what matphor
The mind is like a computer (Cognitive Perspective)
60
Study of psychological processes that reflect evolutionary process of natural selection
Evolutionary Psychology
61
------- traits help organisms to adjust and survive in their environment (evolutionary)
Adaptive traits
62
The study of animal behaviour (which may apply evolutionary approach to understanding animal bahaviour)
Ethology
63
Explores the possible evolutionary and biological bases of human social behaviour
Sociobiology
64
Application of evolutionary thinking to psychological phenomena
Evolutionary Psychology
65
A surprising determinant of many personality traits and intellectual skills
Heriditability
66
The Capacity to survive and produce offspring is called
Reproductive Success
67
a term that means the influence on the reproductive success of genetically related individuals
Inclusive fitness
68
subjective awareness of mental events
Consciousness
69
Process of focusing concious awarness
attention
70
According to psychodynamics, If I am currently subjectively aware, I am -------
conscious
71
According to Psychodynamics if I am not currently conscious but could be readily brought to consciousness, I am --- --------
pre conscious
72
According to Psychodynamics if my thoughts are dynamically kept away from consciousness because they are threatening, they are --------
unconscious
73
Quality psychological research is characterised by
a theoretical framework, TF standardised procedures, SP Generalisability and G objective measurement OM
74
A variable that can be placed on a continuum is called
a continuous variable
75
Angela is a cognitive psychologist. As a cognitive psychologist she:
infers mental processes from experimental data
76
Behaviourists are not comfortable with studying mental events such as thoughts or feelings because:
they cannot be independently verified because they are not directly observable.
77
Diane is keeping an in-depth record of her conscious awareness including sensation, images, feelings, and thoughts that she is aware of experiencing. Diane is practising what Wundt would call:
Introsepction
78
My essay examines the relationship between conscious awareness and unconscious mental forces being analogous to the visible tip of an iceberg and the vast, submerged hulk that lies out of sight beneath the water. This notion best fits with which of the following perspectives?
Psychodynamic
79
Study design that is useful if an experimental design is impractical. takes advantage of natural groups as they exist in nature.
Quasi- Experimental
80
A type of sample where a proportion is drawn from each population category.
A stratified random sample

Psychology 1A (14 decks)

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