IV Therapy feb 25 Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is IV cannulation?
The placement of a catheter into a vein.
What is the primary purpose of IV therapy?
To administer blood, fluids, or medications directly into the circulatory system.
What are the goals of IV therapy?
- Maintain or replace circulating blood volume
- Restore electrolyte imbalances
What are isotonic solutions?
Solutions with osmotic pressure equal to normal body fluid.
What is an example of an isotonic solution?
0.9% Normal Saline.
What happens to cells in a hypotonic solution?
Cells expand due to fluid influx and may undergo lysis.
What are colloids in IV therapy?
Solutions containing large molecules that do not readily pass through capillary membranes.
What is the difference between crystalloids and colloids?
Crystalloids move quickly across cell membranes, while colloids remain in the intravascular space longer.
What is the function of the drip chamber in an IV administration set?
To allow for the measurement of fluid flow rate.
What is the gauge of an IV catheter?
The outside diameter of the venipuncture device; larger gauge numbers indicate smaller diameters.
What is the purpose of using a larger bore catheter in emergencies?
To allow rapid fluid replacement.
What are the three basic types of IV catheters?
- Plastic catheters inserted over a hollow needle
- Plastic catheters inserted through a hollow needle
- Hollow needles (butterfly type)
What can happen if IV fluids are infused at a temperature lower than normal body temperature?
It can lead to the development of hypothermia.
What are the layers of a vein?
- Tunica intima
- Tunica media
- Tunica externa
What is the role of vasoconstrictor and vasodilator nerve fibers in the tunica media?
They stimulate the vein to contract and relax.
Which veins should be avoided for peripheral venous cannulation?
- Sclerotic veins
- Veins near joints
- Areas with an arterial pulse nearby
- Veins near injured areas or edematous extremities
What are the preferred sites for IV access during cardiac arrest?
The peripheral veins of the antecubital fossa
This area provides the largest, most visible, and accessible veins.
When should alternate sites for IV cannulation be considered?
In situations with circulatory problems, history of mastectomy, or treatment for thrombosis or cellulitis
What is the recommended maximum number of attempts to place an IV line?
Three attempts
This guideline may vary based on local protocol.
What are signs and symptoms of a hematoma?
- Edema
- Blanching of the skin
- Discomfort
- Infiltration site feels cool to touch
- Absence of blood flashback
What is a pyrogenic reaction during IV therapy?
A reaction caused by foreign proteins that produce fever
Symptoms include abrupt onset of fever, chills, and backache.
What factors can cause the IV flow rate to vary?
- Vein spasm
- Vein pressure changes
- Patient movement
- Manipulations of the clamp
- Bent or kinked tubing
- IV fluid viscosity
- Height of the infusion bag
What are signs of air embolism during IV therapy?
- Hypotension
- Cyanosis
- Tachycardia
- Increased venous pressure
What are two sites for IV access when other options are unavailable?
Proximal Tibia and Distal Tibia
