Cortez - Segment 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Chest pain from physical activity
A
Angina
2
Q
Coronary vasospasm =
A
Prinzmetal
3
Q
Ischemia
A
Lack of O₂ to tissues - 20 seconds
4
Q
Ischemia → Reversible Or Irreversible
A
Reversible
5
Q
Injury → Reversible OR Irreversible
A
Reversible
6
Q
Infarction → Irreversible Or Irreversible
A
Irreversible
7
Q
QRS = Duration?
A
0.12 sec
8
Q
P wave =
A
0.08 sec
9
Q
1 box on ECG duration?
A
0.04sec
10
Q
PRI duration?
A
0.12 - 0.2 sec
11
Q
Lasix =
A
Diuretics
12
Q
10 gtts Macro or Micro
A
macrodrip
13
Q
60 gtts = Macro or Micro
A
microdrip
14
Q
Infant puking or losing fluids = Type of shock
A
Metabolic shock
15
Q
IDDM = % of patients?
A
10%
16
Q
NIDDM = % of patients?
A
90%
17
Q
Hypoglycemia = 3 characteristics/ presentation
A
Fast onset, looks shaky, low sugars
18
Q
Hyperglycemia = 3 characteristics/ presentation
A
Slow onset → DKA → Thick blood Kussmaul’s, Ketones, Polyuria, Polydipsia
19
Q
Beta cells =
A
Insulin(Boats)
20
Q
Alpha cells =
A
Glucagon
21
Q
Tinnitus =
A
Ringing in ears
22
Q
Anuria =
A
Not peeing
23
Q
Colles fracture =
A
Silver spoon // Position of function // Rules of sugar splint
24
Q
What type of dresing for burn >10% BSA =
A
Moist sterile
25
What type of dresing for burn more than >10% BSA =
Dry sterile
26
Shock Types & Stages
27
Shock Types & Stages 1 -
15% // Mild
28
Shock Types & Stages 2 -
15-25% // Moderate
29
Shock Types & Stages 3 -
30-35% // Severe
30
Shock Types & Stages 4 -
46%+
31
Antibiotic =
1g q12 hr
32
ADH =
Vasopressin → Pituitary hormones Hormones pee // No hormones no pee
33
FYI Always remove tourniquet after IV placement
34
Hyponatremia =
Urban - low sodium (Na⁺) levels in the blood, typically <135 mEq/L. It can be caused by excess water retention, sodium loss, or a combination of both.
35
Cold patients
Max 3 shocks
36
SIRS =
Temp > 38° < 36°C, RR ≥ 20, RR ≥ 20, HR ≥ 90
37
Hormones of hypothalamic glands
38
Solutions = Hypotonic / Hypertonic / Isotonic
39
Needle sizes =
14 - 26
40
IM:size range
19-25
41
SubQ: what gauge do you use?
25
42
Deltoid max fluid
3 mL
43
Quad max fluid
5 mL
44
Medications = Insulin // Other meds // Epi dose
45
Beck’s Triad =
JVD, Hypotension, Muffled (S₀)
46
what do Blood vessel leaking = SIGNAL
Septic
47
500cc per pelvic fracture
48
Neuropathy = nerve damage or dsyfunction
Diabetes (Unipo) Infections (e.g., shingles, HIV)
Toxins (alcohol, chemotherapy)
Autoimmune diseases (e.g., lupus, Guillain-Barré syndrome)
Vitamin deficiencies (B12, folate)
Trauma or compression (e.g., herniated disc, carpal tunnel syndrome)
49
Calculate drip rate
mL × gtts / time = gtts/min
50
Parkland Formula
4cc × BSA % × kg // 2 for 8 hours
51
Catecholamine =
Chemicals released in fight-or-flight response
52
Triad of Death =
Coagulopathy, Acidosis, Hypothermia
53
Angina =
30 mins or less
54
MI =
More than 30 mins
55
P wave
Atrial depolarization
56
QRS
Ventricular depolarization
57
T wave
Ventricular repolarization
58
In order to look at P waves, QRS, T wave
We look @ Lead II
59
Flail Chest
Multiple rib fractures causing a segment to move paradoxically.
60
Pneumothorax
Air in the pleural space, collapsing the lung.
61
Tension Pneumothorax
Air trapped in the pleural space, increasing pressure and compressing the heart/lungs.
62
Hemothorax
Blood accumulation in the pleural space.
63
Open Pneumothorax (Sucking Chest Wound)
An open wound allowing air into the pleural space.
64
Pulmonary Contusion
Bruising of lung tissue, impairing gas exchange.
65
Cardiac Tamponade
Blood/fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac, compressing the heart.
66
Myocardial Contusion
Bruising of the heart muscle, potentially causing arrhythmias.
67
Aortic Disruption
Tearing of the aorta, often fatal.
68
Tracheobronchial Injury
Damage to the trachea or bronchi, leading to airway compromise.
69
Diaphragmatic Rupture
Tear in the diaphragm, allowing abdominal organs to enter the chest cavity.
70
Simple Pneumothorax
A non-expanding collection of air in the pleural space, without tension.
71
Massive Hemothorax
Large volume of blood (>1,500 mL) in the pleural space, causing shock.
72
Commotio Cordis
Sudden cardiac arrest from blunt chest trauma disrupting electrical activity.
73
Esophageal Rupture (Boerhaave Syndrome)
A tear in the esophagus, causing air and stomach contents to leak into the chest.
74
Subcutaneous Emphysema
Air trapped under the skin, often from pneumothorax or airway injury.
75
Pericardial Effusion
Fluid buildup around the heart, which can lead to tamponade.
76
Pulmonary Embolism
A blockage in the pulmonary artery, often due to a blood clot, causing reduced oxygen exchange.
77
Cardiac Contusion
Bruising of the heart muscle due to blunt trauma, potentially leading to arrhythmias or heart failure.
78
Cardiac Tamponade
Blood or fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac, leading to compression of the heart and reduced cardiac output.
79
Flail Chest
Pneumonia, lung contusion, rib fractures
80
Pneumothorax DX
COPD, asthma, lung infection
81
Tension Pneumothorax DX
Massive hemothorax, pulmonary embolism
82
Hemothorax DX
Pleural effusion, pneumonia
83
Open Pneumothorax (Sucking Chest Wound) DX
Tension pneumothorax, hemothorax
84
Pulmonary Contusion DX
Pneumonia, ARDS, lung contusion
85
Cardiac Tamponade DX
Pericardial effusion, myocardial infarction
86
Myocardial Contusion DX
Myocardial infarction, pericarditis
87
Aortic Disruption DX
Aortic aneurysm, myocardial infarction
88
Tracheobronchial Injury DX
Pneumothorax, airway obstruction
89
Diaphragmatic Rupture DX
Hiatal hernia, pneumothorax
90
Simple Pneumothorax DX
Pleural effusion, pneumonia
91
Massive Hemothorax DX
Tension pneumothorax, pericardial effusion
92
Commotio Cordis DX
Ventricular fibrillation, myocardial infarction
93
Esophageal Rupture (Boerhaave Syndrome) DX
GERD, pneumothorax, pericarditis
94
Subcutaneous Emphysema DX
Pneumothorax, anaphylaxis
95
Pericardial Effusion DX
Congestive heart failure, pericarditis
96
Pulmonary Embolism DX
Pneumonia, pleural effusion, ARDS
97
Cardiac Contusion DX
Myocardial infarction, pericarditis
98
Cardiac Tamponade DX
Tension pneumothorax, congestive heart failure
99
What needle color is 18
Green
100
What needle gauge is blue
22
101
