Musculoskeletal Mar 6

Question 1

What are the two main systems that make up the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 1

The skeletal and muscular systems

Question 2

How many bones are in the human body?

Answer 2

206 bones

Question 3

What are the two main divisions of the skeleton?

Answer 3

• Axial (80 bones)
• Appendicular (126 bones)

Question 4

What are the five classifications of bones?

Answer 4

• Long (femur)
• Short (tarsal)
• Irregular (vertebrae)
• Flat (scapula)
• Sesamoid (patella)

Question 5

What are the three classifications of joints?

Answer 5

• Immovable
• Slightly Movable
• Highly Movable

Question 6

What are osteoblasts responsible for?

Answer 6

Building bone

Question 7

What are osteoclasts responsible for?

Answer 7

Breaking down bone

Question 8

What condition is characterized by an absolute loss of total bone mass?

Answer 8

Osteoporosis

Question 9

Which gender is twice as likely to develop osteoporosis?

Answer 9

Women

Question 10

What is kyphosis?

Answer 10

Softening of the vertebrae anterior aspect causing a curve/hunching forward

Question 11

What is scoliosis?

Answer 11

Lateral curvature of the spine in an ‘S’ shape

Question 12

What causes fractures?

Answer 12

When the force exerted on them is greater than their tensile strength

Question 13

What are the signs of a fracture?

Answer 13

• Swelling
• Tenderness
• Inflammation
• Crepitus
• Deformity

Question 14

What does DCAP-BLS stand for in fracture assessment?

Answer 14

Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions, Punctures, Burns, Lacerations, Swelling

Question 15

What is an open (compound) fracture?

Answer 15

A fracture where there is a break in the skin

Question 16

What is a closed fracture?

Answer 16

A broken bone but the break is contained

Question 17

What type of fracture is a Colle’s fracture?

Answer 17

Distal wrist fracture

Question 18

What is a greenstick fracture?

Answer 18

A partial fracture from bending

Question 19

What are the rules for splinting fractures?

Answer 19

• Assess CMS distal to injury BEFORE and AFTER splinting
• If no CMS, one attempt to realign to anatomical position
• If intact CMS, splint in position found
• Remove constrictive clothing
• Immobilize joint above and below injury

Question 20

What is the purpose of traction splints?

Answer 20

To pull bone ends away from each other into alignment for pain relief

Question 21

What are the major functions of the muscular system?

Answer 21

• Motion
• Stabilize
• Thermogenesis

Question 22

What are the three major types of muscle tissue?

Answer 22

• Smooth
• Cardiac
• Skeletal

Question 23

What condition is characterized by the progressive degeneration of muscle tissue replaced with adipose and fibrous tissue?

Answer 23

Muscular Dystrophy

Question 24

What is cerebral palsy?

Answer 24

Non-progressive disorders affecting the brain’s muscular control

Question 25

What happens in compartment syndrome?

Answer 25

Circulation is cut off for a period of time, causing toxin buildup and potentially leading to clots

Question 26

What is crush syndrome?

Answer 26

When muscle has had pressure placed on it for extended periods, leading to similar byproducts as compartment syndrome

Question 27

What are the Sager rules for traction splinting?

Answer 27

* CMS check before and after * Can be used bilaterally * Max traction of 10% body mass to max of 15lbs/leg

Question 28

What should you treat open fractures as?

Answer 28

Open wounds (moist, sterile dressing)

Question 29

What types of splints are mentioned?

Answer 29

* Rigid * Soft/Pillow * Pneumatic * Tongue Blades * SAM/Speed Splints * Traction * Sling/swathe * Hobo pack * Spine board * Scoop Stretchers