Joints Flashcards
(62 cards)
1
Q
A
2
Q
Arthrology
A
the study of joints
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Q
kinesiology
A
study of musculoskeletal movement
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Q
Functional Classification of Joints
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- Synarthroses - immovable (“syn-“ means fusion or think “sin” = without movement)
- Amphiarthroses - slightly movable
- Diarthroses - freely movable (appendicular)
5
Q
Structural Classification of Joints
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- based on binding material and presence of joint cavity
- Fibrous Joints - Sutures, Syndesmoses, Gomphoses
- Cartilagenous Joints - synchondroses, symphyses
- Synovial Joints - have synovial cavity/fluid
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Q
Fibrous Joints
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- these are synarthroses, meaning immovable, though some slightly movable
- connected by fibrous CT, no joint cavity
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Q
Fibrous joints between skull bones that are tightly bound by small amount of tissue. Allow bone growth during childhood.
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Sutures
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Q
Fibrous joints connected by ligaments only. Most movable fibrous joints, depending on length of ligament fibers.
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Syndesmoses
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Q
Joint found between teeth and their sockets, connected by collagen fibers.
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Gomphoses
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Q
Cartilagenous Joints
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- bones united by cartilage
- no joint cavity
- not highly movable
two types: synchondroses, symphyses
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Q
Immovable cartilagenous joint in which hyaline cartilage unites bones. Found in epiphyseal plates and ribs’ attachment’s to sternum.
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Synchondroses
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Q
Fibrocartilagenous union of bone that resists tension and compression and is slightly movable.
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Symphyses
(pubic symphyses and intervertebral discs)
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Q
Synovial Joints
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- most movable of all joints
- all considered diarthroses
- bones separated by fluid-filled joint cavity
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Q
Parts of Synovial Joints
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- articular cartilage
- joint cavity
- articular capsule
- synovial fluid
- reinforcing ligaments
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Q
Articular Cartilage
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- hyaline cartilage on ends of bones in synovial joints
- absorbs compression
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Q
Joint Cavity
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- AKA synovial cavity
- holds small amount of synovial fluid
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Q
Articular Capsule
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- two-layered capsule around synovial joint
- made up of Fibrous Capsule of dense irregular CT and Synovial Membrane of loose CT which lines capsule and covers internal surfaces, producing synovial fluid
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Q
synovial fluid
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viscous fluid that lubricates synovial joints
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Q
Reinforcing Ligaments
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- extracapsular ligaments - located outside the capsule
- intracapsular ligaments - located inside capsule
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Q
Articular Discs
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- also known as Meniscus
- disc of fibrocartilage in some joints (knee, jaw)
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Q
ligaments
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- join bone to bone
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Q
tendons
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- join muscle to bone
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Q
bursa
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- a fibrous sac lined with synovial membrane between some bones, tendons and muscles to decrease friction
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Q
Knee Joint Overview
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- articular capsule
- articular cartilages
- synovial membrane
- suprapatellar, infrapatellar and prepatellar bursae
- anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
- tibial and fibular cruciate ligaments
- patellar ligament
- tendon of quadriceps femoris
- medial and lateral menisci
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articular capsule of knee
- not visible on models
- made up of outer fibrous capsule and inner synovial membrane
- encloses medial, lateral and posterior knee joint
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white connective tissue covering bone where condyles of femur and tibia
articular cartilages of the knee
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synovial membrane of knee
- not seen on models
- secretes synovial fluid from surface of articular capsule
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Fluid-filled sac above the knee cap, deep to the quadriceps femoris
Suprapatellar Bursa
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fluid-filled sac superficial to the patella
prepatellar bursa
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fluid-filled sac distal to kneecap
infrapatellar bursa
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fibrocartilage pad on medial condyle of tibia
medial meniscus of knee joint
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fibrocartilage pad on lateral condyle of tibia
lateral meniscus of knee joint
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ligament running from posterior femur to anterior tibia
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
- prevents hyperextension of knee
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ligament running from anterior femur to posterior tibia
posterior cruciate ligament
- prevents hyperflexion
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lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
- prevents hyperadduction
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name of CT replaced here by artificial means
- medial (tibial) collateral ligament
prevents hyperabduction
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patellar ligament
- attaches patella to tibia
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2
tendon of quadriceps femoris
- patella is embedded within
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Joints that allow only gliding movement, as in wrists and ankles
Plane Joint
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Joints that allow motion in only one plane, such as those of the fingers, elbows and knees.
hinge joints
#4 in image
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Joint in which the axis of a convex articular surface is parallel with the longitudinal axis of the bone allowing rotation. Seen in the atlanto-axial joint between the first two cervical vertebrae.
Pivot Joint
#5 in image
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an ovoid articular surface, or condyle that is received into an elliptical cavity allowing for biplanar movement (flexion, extension, ab/adduction)
seen in metacarpophalangeal joint
Condyloid Joint
#2 in image
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joint whose opposing surfaces are reciprocally concave-convex, allowing biplanar movement ( flexion, extension, adduction, abduction) but no axial rotation
ex: sternoclavicular joint
saddle joint
#3 in image
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a joint in which the spheroid surface of one rounded bone fits into the cup-like depression of another bone
ex: femur in acetabulum, humerus in glenoid fossa
ball and socket join
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gliding
bony surfaces glide over each other
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flexion
decreases the angle of joint
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extension
increases the angle of joint
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abduction
draws a limb out to the side, away from the median sagittal plane
think "abduct" as in to take away
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adduction
a movement which brings a part of the anatomy closer to the middle sagittal plane of the body
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circumduction
movement of limb that describes a cone
proximal end is still, distal end moves in circle
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rotation
turning bone around its long axis
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supination
rotate forearm laterally so palm faces anteriorly
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pronation
rotate forearm medially so palm faces posteriorly
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inversion
moving foot's sole toward midline
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eversion
moving foot's sole laterally
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protraction
jutting out of jaw
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retraction
moving jaw backward
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elevation
lifting limb or body part superiorly
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depression
moving body part inferiorly
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opposition
bringing thumb and index finger tips together
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dorsiflexion/plantar flexion
up and down movements of foot, respectively
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