Kaplan clues Flashcards
(347 cards)
1
Q
PLAP (placental alkaline phosphatase) positive (germ-cell tumor)
A
Seminoma
Radiosensitive
2
Q
hCG pos tumor
A
Choriocarcinoma
3
Q
AFP pos
A
embryonal cell carcinoma.
melingomyoloceal
Downs
4
Q
What is elevated in Sertoli call tumor
A
testosterone
5
Q
Reinke crystal, high androgens or estrogens
A
Leydig cell tumor
6
Q
neuroendocrine tumors common location
A
Adrenal gland
Bifurcation of the aorta (iliac vessel ) peri-aortic sympathetic ganglia
7
Q
tinia corporis treatment
A
clotrimazole, miconazole, terbinafine, butenafine
8
Q
fluticasone treatment for
A
inflammatory dermatologic condition
9
Q
Diabetes kidney below 10 years present with
A
microalbuminuria: mesangial expansion with GBM thickening
10
Q
Diabetes kidney above 10years present with
A
Macroalbuminuria:
kimmelstiel Wilson nodules
FSGS
ESRD
11
Q
Severe HTN effect
A
vascular remodeling
ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke
decrease blood flow= metal status effect
12
Q
PTSD nightmares treatment
A
a1- antigonist= prazosin
13
Q
dysphagia, obstruction and halitosis: out pouching of esophagus just below the cricopharyngeus muscle
A
Zenker diverticulum
14
Q
Diarrhea and decrease bone mass
A
celiac disease/sprue
15
Q
treatment of endomysial IgA, reticulin IgA, Dermatitis herpetiformis
A
*Celia sprue
dietary adjustment
16
Q
syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess (SAME): 11-B-Hydroxysteroid dehyrogenase 2
what is elevated
A
elevated cortisol
17
Q
11-B-HSD2 function
11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2
A
degrade Cortisol
low urine-free cortisol
18
Q
11-OH Deficiency
levels of K, RAAS and cortisol
A
hypokalemia, low RAAS and cortisol
19
Q
1st hyperaldo adrenal tumor
levels of Aldo, Renin, Cortisol
A
high cortisol and Aldo
low renin and aldosterone secretion
20
Q
Leishmania species are transmitted by
A
phlebotomize sandflies
21
Q
Treatment for Leishmaniasis
A
sodium stibogluconate or
meglumine antimoniate
22
Q
Altered mental status in COPD dt
A
hypercapnia
23
Q
linear deposition of IgG in GBM is associated with
A
Pulmonary hemorrhage
RPGN
Goodpasture syndrome
24
Q
PPV and NPV affected by
A
prevalence
prevalence=PPV/NVP
25
defective CD40L on TH2 cells
X-linked Hyper IgM
Isotype switching problem
26
Gi
MAD2
27
Gq
HAVe 1 M3 M1, AT1
28
GS
B1,B2,D2
29
TK family
growth factors, insulin
30
JAK-STAT
cytokines
31
Elevated methylmalonic acid
| defficiency and effect
neuropathy in b12 deficiency
32
propionyl CoA & Methylmalonic acid
B12
33
congenital intracranial calcification
Toxoplasmosis
34
Treatment of Toxoplasmosis MOA
TMP SMX
Dihydrofolate reductase
Dihydropteroate synthetase (PABA)
35
China/Africa pt with nasopharyngeal carcinoma associated with
Burkitt lymphoma
Mononucleosis
Hodgkin's
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
36
ACEI promotes
low Na+
high K+
no impact on phosphate handling
high bradykinin (preventing bradykinin breakdown)
37
Unilateral orbital swelling and redness, left lateral gaze palsy, ptosis,
Thrombosis
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
38
excessive sweating (Hyperhidrosis) can be treated with botulinum toxin(moa)
Prevents ACh release form sympathetic cholinergic neuron
39
neumerous tumor: colon, endometrial and ovarian
MLH1
40
GI stromal tumor, melanoma, seminoma (PLAP) AML
| Mutation
KIT
41
APC
| type of cancer
Polyposis : FAP
Gardner syndrome
Turcot Syndrome
42
VHL gene
| inheritance,chromosome
Chromo 3, AD
43
VHL associated with
Pheochrom
hemangioblastoma (CNS...)
renal cell carcinoma
renal cyst
44
high bicarb, high pH, high P co2, hypo K (metabolic alkalosis) caused by drug?
Chronic furosemide use
45
reactivation VZV treatment
famciclovir
46
VZIg use in neonates and immunesuppressed for
VZV exposure
47
crescent shape protozoa (hiking)
facelike appearance with flagella
Giardia
48
bloody dysentery and flask-shaped ulcer, multinucleated cysts or trophozoites
Entamoeba histolytica
49
diarrhea with acid-fast cyst
cryptosporidium parvum
50
Increase GI Acid
Gastrin
Histamine
ACH
51
decrease GI acid
PG E2 and somatostatin
52
what is responsible for fetal sex indicator
dihydrotestosterone
53
histologic findings of Wilms tumor(nephroblastoma)
embryonic glomerular structures
54
Bone marrow expansion of calvarium
beta chain absent
sickle cell
thalasemia
55
CLL treatment
TK inhibitor Ibrutinib
56
hydroxyurea MOA
ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor in
sickle cell and myeloproliferative disorder
57
Most appropriate treatment for anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome
Warfarin
58
a proliferative synovitis with many lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells seen with?
RA
59
what is common with CHF and Pregnancy or teen females
S3 heart sound
volume overload
60
microscopic findings of medullary carcinoma of breast (BRACA1)
well-circumscribed, nests of malignant cells associated with prominent lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate.
61
diarrhea that resolves when nutrition is provided intravenously
Osmotic diarrhea
unabsorbed solutes: malabsorption syndrome
62
Body dysmorphic disorder associated with
disruption of day-to-day life and functioning
63
Lab: anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD65)
T1DM
low insulin =lipolysis=>B-hydroxybutyrate
64
MOA of atypical antipsychotic for schizo
Blocks D2 and 5-HT 2a
65
atypical antipsychotic medication have
less anticholinergic and extrapyramidal SE but may cause weight gain and metabolic syndrome
66
SSRIs treats
mood disorder: anxiety, depression
67
visceral bias
pos/neg feelings toward a pt that influence clinical decision-making
68
anchoring bias
relying on the first piece of information obtained.
69
vertical gaze palsy, unable to look up
Pinealoma
tectum of the midbrain
70
colorectal adenocarcinoma is associated with
inflammatory bowel disease
UC
71
specific lab for SLE
anti-DS DNA and Anti-smith
72
drug induce SLE lab
Anti-histone
73
Anti-centromeric antibody
CREST
74
anti-mitochondrial antibody
1st biliary cirrhosis
75
Anti-TSH
Hyperthyroidism
Graves Dz
76
cardiac glycoside that directly inhibit Na/K Atpase
Digoxin: decrease Na efflux from monocyte -> ca increase-> increase contraction
77
Autosome: Prader-willi and angelman are
microdeletion chrom 15
78
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney dz associated with
subarachnoid hemorrhage
saccular aneurysm
cyst in: liver, pancreas, spleen, Lungs
79
unilateral headache, jaw claudication, visual impairment and ESR
temporal arteritis
80
focal granulomatous vasculitis involving medium and larg arteries including carotid
temporal (gaint cell) arteritis
81
Temporal arteries is associated with ________________ in 50% of patients
Polymyalgia rheumatica ( shoulder pain and stiffness)
82
contributing factors to primary htn
dehydration
sympathetic activation
increasing RAAS => raises SVR
83
OTC catalizes
citrulline from carbamoyl phosphate and ornithine
84
defective OTC builds
ammonia and orotic aciduria
85
Decrease Citrulline, mitochondrial enzyme?
OTC
86
what reduces intestinal cell calcium transporter activity
Vit D as the result of neck surgery affecting PTH
PTH activates 1-hydroxylase in kidney
87
small laminated concentric calcified spherules on light microscopy
Psammoma bodies
88
PSaMMoma
papillary carcinoma of thyroid
Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma
Malignant mesothelioma
Prolactinoma (M)
89
precocious sexual development in a female. suspect
granulose cell tumor
estrogen secreting
90
treatment for panic attack
Benzo to increase frequency of GABAa chloride channel opening
91
Characteristics of PCOS
ovulatory dysfunction and hyperandrogegism
92
firstline therapy for PCOS
combo oral contraceptives
93
high dose of midazolam needed for sedation is due to
cross-tolerance
94
A virus cytotoxic to fetal erythroid precursor cells, transplacental transmission
Parvo B19
95
Fetal US showing ascites, pericardial effusion and skin edema
hydrops fetalis
B19
96
a drug that cause corneal deposits
| use for malaria and RA
Hydroxychloroquine
97
immunosuppressant blocks T-cell activation
cyclosporine
98
binds cyclophilin and inhibits calcineurin MOA of
cyclosporine
99
side effect of drug that prevents IL-2 transcription
Nephrotoxicity
severe hypertension
gingival hyperplasia
100
Hydroxychloroquine indicated for
malaria
SLE
RA
101
cyclosporine should be avoided in
hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemic pt
102
vaginal candida treatment
fluconozale
Topical azales
inhibits ergosterol synthesis
103
fungal cell wall inhibitor (invasive systemic aspergillosis )
**the fungin family**
Anidulafungin
caspofungin
micafungin
104
Amphotericin B and Nystatin moa
cell membrane integrity
105
Lanosterol synthesis affected by
terbinafine (dermatomycoses)
106
blood-tinged sputum (bug)
Strep Pneumo
Alpha-hemolytic Gram-pos cocci
107
Optochin sensitive, bile-soluble
strep pneumo
108
adult lobar pneumonia
Strep pneumo
109
Beta-hemolytic gram-pos cocci
Strep pyogenes (group A)
Strep agalactiae (Group B)
110
perinatal biliary atresia, dark urine, pale stool
| 3 viruses and
Rotavirus
Reovirus
cytomegalovirus
autoimmune
111
Bacitracin sensitive
Strep pyogenes
112
cause of hydrocele
Incomplete fusion of the processus vaginalis
113
microbiota responsible for vaginal acidity
Lactobacillus, a gram-positive, anaerobic rod
114
Lactobacillus create acidic pH by
breaking down glycogen to lactic acid
inhibit pathogen growth in the vagina
115
mycoplasma pneumoniae treatment
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin
116
First-line treatment for atypical pneumonia
Macrolides
117
Intracellular eosinophilic inclusions composed of alpha-synuclein protien
parkinson disease
118
Lewy bodies also associated with
dementia
visual hallucinations
Parkinsonia-like symptoms
119
spongiform symptom----Creutzfeldt-jakob
myoclonus
120
most beneficial effect of macrophage killing
interferon-gamma from TH1
121
atlantoaxial instability
RA
Down syndrome
122
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, necrotizing vasculitis affecting multiple organ systems
p-ANCA
123
Elevation of c-ANCA associated with
Wegener granulomatosisis
granulomatosis with polyangiitis
124
Tophaceous gout is on histology skin biopsy from painful great toe
giant cell granuloma
125
cytokines for allergic rhinitis
IL-4- IgE antibody-mediated degranulation of mast cells
126
Immune response in rhinorrhea
Th2 response
cytokines: IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13
127
4-6 weeks post MI
autoimmune pericarditis
Dressler syndrome
128
ECG of pericarditis
diffuse ST elevation in many limb leads
129
medullary thyroid carcinoma associated with
MEN2A and MEN2B
130
Diarrhea and occasional flushing with amyloid demonstrating apple-green birefringence
| Thyroid serotonin syndrome link
Thyroid parafollicular cells (c-cells)
131
autosomal dominant, ash-leaf, intellectual disability and seizures
tuberous sclerosis
132
tuberous sclerosis risk of benign neoplasm striated muscle
cardiac rhabdomyomas
133
monoclonal antibody that binds to GP IIb/3a to cause bleeding disorder
abciximab
134
platelet disorder like ITP and anti platelet agents associated with what lab finding?
normal PT and PTT, increased bleeding time
135
follicular conjunctivitis, scarring and blindness with intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies
chlamydia trachomatous
136
Infectious inactive form of chlamydia are
extracellular elementary body
137
non-infectious active form of chlamydia are
intracytoplasmic Reticular inclusion body
138
AD with 80% penetrance, probability of normal child
AD 50%
Child 50% m/F
=.5 *.5= 0.25
139
wiskott-Aldrich, X-linked mutation, IgM and IgG levels low
Thrombocytopenia
Eczema
Recurrent sinopulmonary infections
140
lab: elevated Phytanic acid oxidase: organelle involve
Peroxisomal enzyme
Refsum disease
Retinitis pigmentosa
141
appropriate anti- inflammatory for acute RA
NSAID: Celecoxib-COX-2 inhibitor
142
Chronic RA treatment
DMARDs: eg: methotrexate and sulfasalazine
143
toxin injection leading to reversible depending flaccid paralysis
Botulism from vacuum-packed food
canned food in adult
spores in kids
144
primary TB infection
acid-fast bacilli
caseating granulomas: ghon complex
145
destructive inflammatory lesion of the bone dt infected wound
Staph a. : Osteomyelitis
146
Osteomyelitis x-rays presentation
destructive lytic lesion
periosteal elevation
147
Lyme dz : Oxodes tick
| manifestation
erythema migrans
AV block
Arthritis
facial palsy
type III hypersensitivity
Doxy
148
Clostridial myonecrosis
| caused by
exotoxin: alpha-toxin, lecithinase cause hemolysis=jaundice
149
C.Diff risk factors
Toxin A/B
Antibiotic
watery diarrhea
150
Risus sardonicus caused by
Tetanospasmin of C. tetani
151
Aging is associated low GFR due to
glomerulosclerosis
152
substrates for 21-a-HO
Progesterone
17 a-hydroxyprogesterone
153
Potassium is ____________ in 21 a-hydroxylase
high
154
11 B-HO (11 yo are salty): substrate
| Electrolyte, defective
High Na retention, high BP
high 11 deoxycorticosterone
155
17 a- HO (17 yo are salty):
| Electrolyte
high NA, low K, HTN
156
5a- reductase with 46 XX is ____________phenotype with late menarche (normal /virilization)
Normal
157
5a-reductase with 46XY presentation
female appearing at birth
virilization at puberty (lost last chance to be a male)
158
CD28 and B7 function
activate T-cell
159
When does neonatal HSV present
1-2 wk
160
neonatal vesicular rash, lethargy, fever/hypothermia
HSV
161
complication of vesicular rash on neonate
meningoencephalitis
162
complication of hearing loss and microcephaly at birth
toxo
syphilis
zika
CMV
rubella
163
pt with ascites, jaundice and gynecomastia
liver cirrhosis
164
bleeding esophageal varices and portal HTN liver histology
fibrosis and disorganization of hepatic parenchyma
165
centrilobular necrosis result from
ischemic injury
drug
toxic reaction
166
2ndary hyperparathyroidism is caused by
chronic renal failure
167
Lab for chronic renal failure
chronic low ca
high PTH
osteitis fibrosa cystica
metabolic acidosis
hyper K
uremia
fluid overload
168
MC presentation of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women
uterine bleeding
169
endometrial biopsy shows
hyperplasia with atypia
170
most important risk factor for endometrial cancer is
unopposed estrogen exposure
obesity
171
How is smoking protective of endometrial cancer
stimulates the hepatic metabolism of estrogen
172
What lab is normal with small-cell LC-ADH secretion
Potassium
173
ADH secretion in small-cell lung cancer lab that are decrease
serum Aldo
Osmolality
serum Na
174
homeless pt appears intoxicated with no serum ethanol
ethylene glycol
175
ethylene glycol effect on kidney
severe acute kidney injury
176
treatment of Ethylene glycol
fomepizole
hemodialysis
177
kidney stones due to ethylene glycol
oxalic acid + free Ca= calcium oxalate
178
triple phosphate crystal seen with
UTI urease pos bacteria
179
what is cystinuria
AR, excessive urinary excretion of cystine, ornithine, lysine and arginine
180
corticol atrophy of frontal temporal lobe
frontotemporal dementia
pick dz
181
Lewy body dementia present with
visual hallucinations and dementia
extrapyramidal motor symptoms
182
focal neurological symptoms and memory loss
vascular dementia
183
Hallmark of endometrial hyperplasia is
abnormal uterine/vaginal bleeding
184
epithelial cells of endometrium is
Simple columnar epithelium
185
management of HOCM pt
metoprolol to slow the heart rate
improve diastolic filling
186
complement of anaphylatoxin
C3a, C4a, C5a
187
C1 esterase inhibitor defi
hereditary angioedema
188
Function of C1
recognize: IgG and IgM
activate complement
189
pulse in Aortic Stenosis
Weak due to low amplitude
190
mutation of MEN 2a/b
RET gene
191
Difference in MEN 2a/b
Marfanoid
192
2nd amenorrhea?
starts menses and stops
193
causes of 2nd amenorrhea
athletes
underweight( hypothalamic)
194
low GnRH, low FSH and estradiol levels results in
functional amenorrhea
195
lab to monitor in anorexia N. refeeding
P04, K+, mg+
may cause fatal arrhythmias
196
underdeveloped flipper limbs (phocomelia)
Thalidomide exposure
197
Postop hepatic dysfunction, fulminant hepatic necrosis and malignant hyperthermia due to
Halothane
induction and maintenance of gen. anesthesia
198
Histology of cardiac myxoma
stellate mesenchymal cell with inflammatory and endothelial cells
199
Echinococcus granulosus is a custode that causes
hydatid cysts of the liver
| cholangitis, jaundice, cirrhoris
200
Treatment for echinococcus G.
| small tapeworm, cholangitis, jaundice, cirrhoris
Albendazole
ethanol injection into the cyst to neutralize antigens
201
haematobium transmission
cercariae in fresh water penetrate human skin
202
neurocysticercosis cause of seizures is
taenia solium
tapeworm
203
major concern with hydatid cyst is
anaphylaxis
204
mycophenolate mofetil MOA and indication
inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (purine)
immunosuppression in transplant
205
inhibition of calcineurin by tacrolimus
Inhibits IL-2 transcription
206
Daclixumab and basiliximab MOA
IL-2 receptor inhibition
207
marfan syndrome gene
| gene
FBN1 on chrom 15
208
COL1A1 encodes for
OA
209
COL5A1 encodes for
Ehler-Danlos
type 5 collagen
easy bruising
210
Fribrillin defect AD causes
Marfan
211
prevalence =
incidence * duration
212
Renal transplant risk pyelonephritis due to
lack of sphincter
ascending bacteria infection
213
prophylactic for renal transplant pyelonephritis
TMP-SMX
214
Monoclonal antibody targeting CD20
Rituximab
215
outer surface protein of TB causes
Delay Hypersensitivity response of T-cell
activate MP(IFN-Y),
recruit PMNs(IL-17 and IL-23) and
induce inflammation(INF)
216
Duchenne MD is a (defect)
splicing defect
X-linked
Frame shift deletion or nonsense
217
IL-2 transcription is blocked by
Cyclosporine
218
Beta-hemolytic bacitracin-sensitive (GAS)
s. pyogenes
219
colorectal adenocarcinoma associated with
ulcerative colitis
220
SSPE: Subacute sclerosing pan encephalitis is associated with
Rubeola( Measles)
221
Rubella(German measles) 3 day rash in adult
not teratogenic
persistant PDA
cataracts
sensorineural hearing loss
222
Bowen disease
squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the penis
increase nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio,
crowding
223
condyloma acuminatum
HPV
giant condyloma: more aggressive
224
blocks reuptake of dopa, N EPI, serotonin
cocaine
225
Increase release of dopa, N EPI, serotonin
Amphetamine
226
cocain toxicity treated with
supportive care and benzo
227
twin separation at 0-3 day
2 amnion
2 chorion
228
twin separation at 4-8 day
2 amnion
1 chorion
229
twin separation at 9-12 days
1 amnion
1chorion
230
twin separation after 12 days
incomplete: conjoined twins
231
Polio hides in the
ventral horn
232
Polio is associated with
LMNL
fasciculations
flaccid paralysis
hyporeflexia
muscle atrophy(muscle weakness)
233
What are the post poliomyelitis syndrome
progressive muscle weakness
motor atrophy
234
Pioliovirus is a
SS-RNA
Picornaviruses
235
corticospinal tract lesions shows
ipsilateral spastic paresis
hyperreflexia
236
C8, T1 are part of which trunk
lower trunk
237
lower trunk lesion results in
clawing hand
Horner syndrome may present
238
Upper trunk nerve root
C5, C6
lateral arm and forearm dermatome
media are rotation and flexion at the wrist
239
Panic disorder
recurring cued and uncued panic
lasting generally 10 min
resultant behavior change
240
panic attacks, excessive worry, anxiety that are difficult to control
Generalized anxiety disorder
241
CF pt with abdominal pain
suspect pancreas auto digestion
242
Gallstone will present with
colicky pain
243
Mobitz 1 is: transient or permanent?
transient
244
mobitz II is a
| what is the damaged tissue
partial AV block
245
PR interval in Mobitz II is
unchanged
246
Mobtiz I PR is
progressively prolonged
247
Mobitz II progress to Mobitz I or 3rd degree block
3rd degree
248
# Drugs
Blocks mobitz I/II
Beta-blockers, digoxin, and calcium blocker
249
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
increase ACH in synapses
250
2-Pam (pralidoxin) and atropine treats
organophosphate poisoning
251
cells involved with Zollinger-ellison
G-cell (acid secretion)
bloody diarrhea
252
what is decreased in Sertoli-leydig cell tumors
FSH and LH
253
What is increased in Sertoli-leydig cell tumor
testosterone
254
a weak androgen secreted by adrenals only is
DHEAS
255
slowest velocity of blood
capillaries
largest cross-sectional area
256
CAMP test pos for
GBS (Strep agalactiae)
Beta hemolytic
bacitracin resistance
257
increase urinary D-ALA and prophobilinogen
acute intermittent porphyria
258
porphyria cutanea tarda enzyme
uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
Most common porphyria
259
Hashimoto thyroiditis
antithyroid antibodies
autoimmune
| hyper then hypothyroidism
260
Excess fructose consumption is associated with metabolic syndrome and essential HTN, why?
Fructose increase uric acid-->
uric acid activate RAAS.....
261
hemerus surgical neck fracture affects
axillary nerve
abduction defect
Teres minor
262
examples of channels frequently used to sublimate
visual arts
writing
music
mentoring.....
263
eosinophilic nodular glomerulosclerosis is seen with
long term 15-20 years uncontrol diabetes
kimmelstiel-wilson nodules
264
childhood treatment for lyme
Cefuroxime
265
early Lyme DZ treatment
Amoxicillin
266
Disseminated Lyme disease associated with
Bell's palsy
complete heart block
267
treatment for disseminated lyme
Cefuroxime (children)
Doxycycline (adult)
268
What does GVHD and menstruation have in common
apoptosis: cell shrinkage, hyper chromatic pyknotic nuclei, and nuclear fragments
269
duodenal obstruction with transition point b/t dilated and non-dilated bowel
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome
Intestinal Compression
ligament of Treitz / loss of fat pad
270
Testicular cancer with lobulated fleshy appearance and nests of large malignant cells...
Seminoma
271
the ability of genetic reassortment causing genetic shift is due to
Segmented genome of influenza
272
drug reduce cardiac 02 demand in ischemia treatment is
Ranolazine
273
used to prevent MI in pt with CAD
clopidogrel
GP2b/3a
274
mcc death among ICU pt
Gram neg bacteremia
| endotoxin (PLS)
275
# LPS effect
Endotoxin causes
| hemodynamic and metabolic changes
myocardial dysfunction
DIC, ARDS
Liver/Renal failure
coma, death
276
What happens to PFK with no insulin
Low PFK
Low glut 4 in muscle
277
Recurrent median nerve action
thumb opposition, flex, abduct
| thenar cutaneous
278
# treatment
Gastrinoma
| proton pump inhibitor
lansoprazole
| Nsaid associate gastric ulcer, GERD...
279
metoclopramide indicated for
| Prokinetic agent
diabetic gastroparesis
280
# mc nosocomial
post antibiotic severe diarrhea, scant blood
gram pos, anaerobic, spore rod
| c-diff
281
Neprohenic DI associated with
hi ADH and
Hi Na+
282
SIADH is associated with
hi ADH
low NA+
283
MC drug causing Nephogenic DI
Lithium( block adh)
Demeclocycline(treat SIADH)
Fluoride(florocarbon anesthetic
284
# AR
Friedreich ataxia gene
| GAA
FXN (Frataxin) gene
| chrom 9
285
# FXN
gait ataxia, progressive kyphoscoliosis,
| atrophy of
spinal cord
| friedreich ataxia: mito Iron processing defect
286
risk factor for acute pancreatitis
| severe pain radiating to the back
trauma
alcohol
gallstones
287
post transplant prophylaxis for CMV
| high mononuclear infiltration
Ganciclovir
288
Renal condition associated with sJogren
Distal RTA
| defective H+/HCO3
288
# tingling extremity
megaloblastic animia
| what accumulates
N5-methyl THF
| most stabled (trapped)
289
# joint aspiration with luekocytosis
RA pt with septic arthritix
| treatment
vancomycin
290
Group D strep
| associated with
Malignancy
Bacteremia
endocarditis
| B-hemolysis, growth in bile
291
HIV pt with single ring-enhancing lesion in brain
enveloped DS linear DNA Virus
| EBV
291
# triple-Neg BRCA1
medullary carcinoma
| favorable prognostic appearane
nests of malignant cells associated with prominent lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate
292
avoid cilostazol in
heart failure pt with reduced ejection fracture
| PDE 3 inhibitor
293
Positive CD10, CD19, CD20
t(14:18) BCL2
| folicular lymphoma
294
BCR-ABL1
CML and B-lymphoblastic leukemia
| t(9:22)
295
MAOIs antidepressant + cheeses and wine causes
severe hypertension
Tranylcypromine
Phenelzine
Selegiline
Isocarboxazid
296
sclerosing cholangitis and iron deficiency anemia associated with
| UC
pseudopolyps
| bloody diarrhea
296
Dexrozoxane
| MOA
prevent free radical formation and prevent cardiotoxicity
| Doxorubicin
297
Amifostine
| use for
Renal cisplatin toxicity
298
Decreased IMP indicate
| Lesch-Nyhan syndorme
x-linked HGPRT defect
299
wilms tumor, neuroblastoma
| marker
S100
| or neurospecific enolase
299
# Homer-wright pseudorosettes
circular arrangements of tumor cell around a central fibrillary space
| neuroendocrine markers
S-100 and neuron-specific enolase
| sheets of small round blue cells
300
rapid onset of hematuria, HTN and renal failure
RPGN : crescentic glomerulonephritis
301
G Neg curved rod with polar flagella
| associated with GBS
campylobacter jejuni
| poultry
302
Damage to occipital cortex and splenius of the corpus callosum
alexia without agraphia
| can't read but can write
303
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
| associated with asthma and eosingophilia
Churg-strauss syndrome
| p-ANCA (myeloperoxidase antibody)
304
# proteinase 3 antibody
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
wagener
| c-ANCA
305
# anaerobic metabolism
what enzyme are active in ischemic myocardium
glycolytic enzyme
306
Freely filtered not reabsorbed or secreted
| estimates GFR
creatinine
307
# child
intima thinkenning of small arteries and glomerular thrombosis/collaps
| less urine, schistocytes
HUS in children
| e-coli, shegella, salmonella
308
# gross presentation
marantic endocarditis
| nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
small, sterile vegetation on MT valves
309
Explosure to ____________________causes blastomyces dermatitidis
rotten wood
310
appropriate initial therapy for septic shock
Hi dose Dopamin
| alpha-1
311
purplish-red mottling skin in parkinson treatment
| drug
Amantadine
312
confirm lyme with
western blot
| antibodies
313
pseodomonas toxin( exot. A)
diphtheria toxin
inhibits EF2
314
hypo NA, OSMO, normovolemia
| causes
hypothyroidism
siADH
hypoadrenal
chronic diuretic
reset osmostat
315
# Gen Oncology
cell Resist death
Bax, P53, BCL-2
| causes proliferation
316
# Gen Oncology
Evade growth suppresion
E-cadherin
NF2: lost of gene regulate contact inhibition
| mutation or absent
317
# Gen Oncology
sustained proliferative signal
Growth factors: HER2/Neu, EGFR
Signaling mlecule (Ras, B-Raf)
Transcription factor (MYC, P53)
Cell cycle regulator (Cyclins, CDKs)
318
# Gen Oncology
enable replication
tolemerase reactivation
| reverse trascriptase
319
# Gen Oncology
indues angiogenesis
VEGF, FGF
| bld vessel growth
320
# Gen Oncology
BRAF
melanoma
Hairy cell Leukemia
Papillary thyroid carcinoma
| gene: serine/threonine kinase
321
# Gen Oncology
BCR-ABL
| philidelphia
CML
ALL
| 9:22
322
# Gen Oncology
HER2/Neu(c-erbB2)
| 17q12
breast, Gastric cancer
| RTK
323
# Gen Oncology
RET
MEN2a/b
papillary thyroid cancer
pheo
324
# Gen Oncology
KIT
gastrointestinal stromal
mastocytosis
| cytokine receptor
325
# Gen Oncology
MYC
L- lung
N-Neuroblastoma
c- Burkitt Lymphoma
| trascription factors
326
# Gen Oncology
KRAS
colorectal
Lung
Pancreatic
| GTPase
327
# Gen Oncology
BCL-2
follicular lympoma (14:18)
diffuse large B cell lymphoma
| antiapoptotic
328
# Gen Oncology
CCND1
| t(11;14)
Mantle cell lymphoma (11;14). CD5 positive
| cell cycle regulator
329
# Gen Oncology suppresor
p53
most human cancer
Li-Fraumeni syndrome
| inhibit entry to S phase
330
# Gen Oncology suppresor
RB
Retinoblastoma
osteosarcoma
| Rb protin, E2F
331
# Gen Oncology suppresor
APC gene
| 5q22.2
FAP(colorectal cancer)
sporadic colorectal cancer
| B-catenin
332
# Gen Oncology suppresor
BRCA1/2
| 17q and 13q
Breast, ovarian, pancreatic
| DNA repair protein
333
# Gen Oncology suppresor
MMR gene
| Mismatch repair: MLH1
Lynch syndrome(HNPCC)
| DNA repair protein(colon, gastric, ovary, endometrium cancer)
334
# Gen Oncology suppresor
DCC(deleted in colorectal cancer)
| 18q
colorectal cancer
335
# Gen Oncology suppresor
SMAD4(DPC4)
Pancreatic
| TGF-B receptor signal
336
# Gen Oncology suppresor
MEN 1
Multiple Endocrine neoplasm
| pituitary, parathyroid, pancrease
337
# Gen Oncology suppresor
NF1
neurofibromatosis
| Ras, GTPase-activating protein 17q11.2
338
# Gen Oncology suppresor
NF2
| Merlin (schwannomin)
Neurofibromatosis 2
| bilateral hearing loss
339
# Gen Oncology suppresor
TSC1/2
| Hamartin protein and Tuberin protine
tuberous scerosis
| AD neurocutaneous syndrome
340
# Gen Oncology suppresor
TSC1/2
| associated with
brain hamartomas,
cardiac rhabdomyomas, and
renal angiomyolipomas
| adenoma sabecous, intellectual disabiity,ash leaf spot
341
# Gen Oncology suppresor
VHL: hypoxia-inducible factor 1a
| associated with
hemangioblastomas,
bilateral renal cell carcinoma,
pheochromocytoma, and
renal/pancreatic cysts.
| 3q
342
# Gen Oncology suppresor
WT1/2
nephroblastoma
| 2-5 yo, urogenital development. 11q
343
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA)
Intermittent small bowel obstruction
