Oncology Flashcards
(214 cards)
1
Q
example of hypertrophy and hyperplasia in Male/Female
A
BPH
Breast
2
Q
Ananplasia
A
revert to mesenchymal origin
very aggressive
high metastatic rate
sensitive to radiation or chemo
3
Q
Desmoplasia
A
cartilaginous tissue surrounds the tumor
4
Q
metaplasia
A
adult cell to another adult cell which can handle the stress
5
Q
Dysplasia
A
loss of cell-to-cell contact inhibition
CIN
good prognosis (90% 5-yr survival)
Best time to screen
6
Q
neoplasia
A
new growth
7
Q
Tumor, mass, neoplasia
A
Benign first then malignant second
8
Q
When it has been removed (in the question)
A
cancer first then benign
9
Q
well circumscribed, encapsulated, response to normal physiological, freely mobile
A
Benign
10
Q
adherent, outgrows blood supply, no circumscribed, does not obey physiological
A
Malignant
11
Q
Malignant hormone
A
Angiogenin: grow own blood supply
Endostatin: Stops growth of bld vessels to other cancer
12
Q
when is chemo considered effective
A
kill up to a billion cells
(cancer is palpable and visible )
13
Q
when cancer out grows its blood supply what happens
A
metastases
14
Q
where is metastasis primary cancer
A
Brain
bone
lung
liver
pericardium
adrenal
15
Q
example of hamartomas
A
keloid, polyps
too much normal tissue
16
Q
abnormal location of normal tissue
A
choriostoma
17
Q
all cancers are low energy state…so…
A
18
Q
mcc of death in cancer
A
infection
19
Q
MC intracranial tumor
A
meningioma
Psammoma bodies (calcifications)
20
Q
cancers that have Psammoma Bodies
A
Papillary carcinoma of thyroid
serous cystic
Adeocarcinoma of the ovaries
Meningioma
Mesothelioma
21
Q
MC Primary brain tumor
A
Astrocytoma
Glioma
Oligodendroglioma
Ependymoma
22
Q
ependymoma seeing in
A
Ventricular system :hydrocephalus
23
Q
Neurocutaneous syndromes different in their
A
cutaneous manifestation
24
Q
NF
A
Cafe au lait spots
17/22
Neuromas
Fibromas
25
NF: MaCune-Albright syndrome
Precocious puberty
Fibrous bone tumors
26
NF: Sturge-weber syndrom
Port wine stain on the forehead
Angiomas of the retina and brain
27
Tuberous sclerosis
Ashen leaf spots (hypopigmented)
Phabdomyoma/Rhabdomyosarcoma of the heart
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Primary brain tumor
28
MC Primary brain cancer
astrocytoma grade IV or Glioblastoma multiforme
29
MC Brain cancer
Metastases
at grey-white matter junction
30
Met in women
Breast , Lung and Colon
31
MC tumor in the Pituitary is
Adenoma
32
Acidophils adenomas produces
Prolactin and Growth Hormone
33
Basophils adenomas produces
ACTH, TSH, FSH , LH
34
MC functional pituitary adenoma
Prolactinoma
35
MC Cancer of the pituitary
Adenocarcinoma(rare)
36
non functional pituitary tumor
chromophobes (95%)
37
tumor that affect cranial Nerve 6(esotropia)
Pinealoma(pineal adenoma)
cause precocious puberty
38
mc pineal cancer
adenocarcinoma(rare)
39
Present with early morning vomiting
mc in children
posterior Fossa Tumors
40
Posterior fossa tumors with cerebellar origin
Medulloblastoma
41
develops from Rathke's Pouch
motor oil appearance
affects pituitary
Craniopharyngioma
42
mc abdominal mass in newborn
enlarge bladder
43
MC abdominal mass in children
neuroblastoma
44
hypsarrhythmia and opsoclonus
neuroblastoma
45
pheochromocytoma Lab
VMA and HVA
46
paroxysmal palpitations, HTN, headache and diaphoresis
pheo, neuroblastoma
47
Phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine in
Pheochomocytoma
48
masses of the anterior mediastinum
Thymus
Thyroid
T-Cell leukemias/Lymphomas
Teratomas
49
98% of leukemia are
B-cell
50
Hairy cell Leukemia
B-cell 75%
T-cell 25%
TRAP Pos
51
2 pure T-Cell Lymphoma
Mycosis fungoides(skin Rash)
Sezary syndrome
52
mc thymic tumor
thymoma
53
what disease is thymoma not associated with
Graves
54
Thyroid MC mass
Thyroglossal cyst
55
MC Thyroid tumor
Follicular adenoma
56
MC thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
risk radiation to the neck
57
Solid hot thyroid mass next step
treat like hyperthyroidism
58
MC thyroid mass
thyroglossal cyst
59
Treatment for Graves disease (Hot nodule)
Propranolol
Prothyrouracil (PTU: pregnancy)
Methimazole(highly fat-soluble)
Iodine 131(destroys the thyroid)
60
cold nodule next step
biopsy
61
MCC of Parathyroid deficiency
thyroidectomy
62
MC tumor of the parathyroid
parathyroid adenoma
63
what is the MCC of isolated hypercalcemia in adults
parathyroid adenoma
64
MC cancer of parathyroid
adenocarcinoma
65
Tumor of MEN 1
Pituitary
Pancreatic
parathyroid
66
Tumors of MEN 2
medullary carcinoma of thyroid
pheochromocytoma
(+/-) parathyroid adenomas
Ret mutation
67
Tumors of MEN 2B
MEN2A plus Nuroma or
ganflioneuroma but w/o PTH adenomas
Marfenoid
Ret Mutation
68
high calcitonin, hypocalcemia, neck mass
Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid
69
parafollicular gland tumor
adenoma
70
contents of the mediastinum
heart: endocardium,
myocardium and
epicardium
pericardium
71
diastolic plop
middle age female who passes out and recovers in few seconds
Estrogen connection (relaxes and vasodilation/increase volume
72
tumor of the endocardium
myxoma (mc location: Left atrium)
73
mc Carcer of the endocardium
angiosarcoma(rare)
74
Myocardium tumor and cancer
Rhabdomyoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma(Tuberous sclerosis)
75
MC cancer of the pericardium
Metastases
76
MC tumor of pericardium
Fibroma
77
Mc lung mass in children and adult
Hamartoma
Granulomas
78
MC cancer of the lung
metastases
79
MC lung tumor
Adenoma
80
Mc intrathoracic cancer
squamous cell carcinoma
81
mc primary lung cancer
bronchogenic adenocarcinoma
82
primary lung cancer not related to smoking
brochoalveolar adenocarcinoma
83
Risk factor for lung cancer
smoking
Radon
secondhand smoke
side stream smoke
mainstream smoke
84
all pneumoconiosis increase risk of cancer except
anthracosis
85
central lung cancer
Small cell and squamous cell
associated with smoking
86
ferruginous bodies associated with
mesothelioma
87
Nasal polyp seen in pt indicates
high sensitivity
avoid aspirin (NSAIDS) therapy
88
MC cancer of the nasopharynx
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
common in Chinese women
89
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is asso with which virus
EBV
90
cancer on the floor of the mouth, lower lips and tip of the tongue
squamous cell carcinoma
91
mc cancer of lower 1/3rd of esophagus
adenocarcinoma
92
Barret's esophagus is example of what cellular changes
metaplasia
93
seen with adenocarcinoma of the stomach
Virchow's nodes
linitis plastica
signet ring cells
kruckenberg tumor
94
Risk factor for UGI Cancer
Smoking
alcohol
Nitrites
Japanese people
95
MC cancer of the ileum
lymphoma
70% of lymphoid tissue found in ileum
96
mc cancer of the appendix
carcinoid (does not metastasize)
97
MC origin of carcinoid syndrome
1) Pancreas
2) Ileum
secretes massive serotonin
98
urinary 5-HIAA indicates
carcinoid syndrome
high serotonin
99
Napkin ring lesion found in
small intestine
Colon
100
Eaten apple core lesion
pencil thin stools
melena
Colon cancer:adenocarcinoma
101
colon cancer risk factor
Low fiber diet
High fat diet
polyps
ulcerative colitis
102
mc mass in the liver
cyst
103
polyposis, hyperpigmented mucosa
Peutz-jeghers syndrome
104
familiar polyposis and brain tumors
turcot's
105
Familia polyposis, osteomas, and sebaceous adenomas
gardner's syndrome
106
mc tumor of the liver
adenoma and AVMs
107
Mc cancer of the liver
metastases
108
primary cancer of the liver
hepatocellular adenocarcinoma
109
acute life-threatening hemorrhage
ruptures in increased abdominal pressure (weightlifter)
associated with
estrogen use or steroid injection
hepatic adenoma
110
increase venous O2
decreased AVO2 difference
AVM
abnormal arteries---veins connection
111
AVM syndromes: multiple AVM
Osler- weber- Rendu: Lungs
Von Hipel Lindau:abdomen and brain
112
AVM cancer in Kidney?
gene?
Renal cell carcinoma
Chromosome 3p
VHL gene
113
massive dilation of the colon
toxic megacolon: maybe due to cancer obstruction
114
premalignant polyps in adults
1. Tubular
2. Tubulovillous
3. villous: worse b/c it is eating through the lining
115
familial polyposis risk
100% cancer risk
year screening at age 5
total colectomy at age 19
116
what murmur is heard in AVMs
continuous murmur
117
vinyl chloride is risk factor for
Angiosarcoma of liver (highly malignant)
118
Aniline dyes, Benzene, aflatoxin risk factor for
hepatocelluar carcinoma
119
infectious risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma
Hep B, C, schistosomiases
120
Biliary tract mass
choledochal cyst
121
most common tumor of biliary tract
cholangioma
122
MC biliary cancer
cholangiosarcoma
123
marker for primary biliary cirrhosis
Antimitochondrial antibodies
mid age female with itching and severe fatigue
124
sclerosing cholangitis is seen in
ulcerative colitis
HLA B27
Pos P-Anca
125
migratory thrombophlebitis
the most mucious cancer
pancreatic adenocarcinoma
126
Cancer causing cholestatic jaundice, high direct (conjugated) bilirubin
pancreatic adenocarcinoma
127
MC tumor of the pancreas
adenoma
128
high glucose
high Lipids
high Ketones
necrolytic skin lesion
Glucagonoma
129
high insulin
high C-peptite
Insulinoma
sufanourea
130
neoplasm with severe constipation
somatostatinoma
131
neoplasm with watery diarrhea
Vipoma
132
elevated gastrin
worse with secretin
ulcer in distal small intestine dt low pH
Gastrinoma (Z-E syndrome)
133
follicular cyst
MC mass of ovary
134
serous cysadenoma
mc tumor of ovary
135
serous cystadenocarcinoma(highly malignant)
most mucinous cancer in women
mc ovarian cancer
136
meigs's syndrome (ovarian fibroma) causes
pleural effusion or ascites
137
Granulosa cell tumor causes
elevated estrogen levels
estrogen connection
138
Yolk sack cancer marker
high AFP
139
Choriocarcinoma marker
High HCG
140
Tumor: masculinization (high testosterone)
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor
141
pseudomyxoma peritonei:very mucinous
cystadenocarcinoma
142
struma ovarii: Grave like disease with no thyroid mass
Teratoma
143
elevated serum lactic dehydrogenase
dysgerminoma/seminoma
embryonal cell carcinoma
144
uterine polyp presents with
passing of blood clots
145
Uterus: focal thickening, firm mass
estrogen dependent tumor
fibroid
146
submucosal (90%) fibroid
menorrhagia
147
fibroid RX
OCPs
Leuprolide(GnRh analogue)
Surgery (uterine artery embolization)
148
subserosal fibroids presents with
pelvic pain or pressure
149
metrorrhagia after 35, estrogen dependent
endometrial adenocarcinoma
150
mc mass of the cervix
warts
151
mc tumor of the cervix
fibroma
152
mc cervical cancer
squamous cell carcinoma
153
condyloma lata seen with:
2nd to syphilis
fleshy appearance
154
condyloma acuminatum
HPV 6/11
verrucous or mushroom-like warts
155
Warts RX
Trichloroacetic acid for internal warts
podophyllum drops for external warts
cryosurgery
156
Cervical cancer RX
hysterectomy
157
Cervical cancer risk
HPV(16/18)
STIs
158
mc mass of the vagina
warts
Bartholin cyst
159
mc vaginal tumor
fibroma
160
mc vaginal cancer upper half
squamous cell carcinoma of cervix
161
mc vaginal cancer lower half
Rhabdomyosarcoma (sarcoma botryoides)
162
fluctuant mass behind the labia major
bartholin cyst
163
complication of bartholin cyst, Rx
infections/abscess formation
RX antibiotics
164
fluctuant mass behind labia majora after 50yo, next step
Bartholin cyst
resect and check for cancer
165
Sarcoma botryoides has increased incidence of
Tuberous sclerosis
under age 3
166
Mc kidney cancer in
Children
Adult
Wilms' tumor
Renal cell adenocarcinoma
167
mental retardation, aniridia and hemihypertrophy in children
wilms' tumor in kids
168
Renal cell carcinoma presentation
painless hematuria and flank mass(+/- HTN)
superior pole of kidney
169
How does Renal cell Carcinoma metastasize
retroperitoneum
170
Renal cell carcinoma may produce
erythropoietin
angiogenin (high vascular ability)
171
cannon ball met to the lungs
Renal cell carcinoma
172
Renal cell carcinoma risk factor
smoking
VHL
Tuberous Sclerosis
173
aldosterone producing tumor
conn's syndrome
174
cortisol producing tumor
adrenal adenomas: Cushing's syndrome
175
pheochromocytoma mc location
adrenal medulla
176
transitional cell adenocarcinoma
mc bladder cancer
177
mc bladder mass
diverticulum
178
bladder diverticulum complications
UTIs and kidney stones
179
Painless hematuria exposure to smoke, aniline dyes, benzene, cyclophosphamide...
Bladder cancer: transitional adenocarcinoma
180
schistosoma haematobium causes (bladder complication)
squamous cell carcinoma
181
weak, dribbling urination and straining, increase frequency and urgency
BPH
182
BPH RX
Terazosin/Doxazocin
Tamsulosin
Finasteride/Dutasteride
TURP
183
Prostate cancer screening
age 35: baseline rectal exam
age 40- annual rectal/ FOBT
45: sigmoidoscopy and every 5 years
50: colonoscopy every 10 years
first-degree relative: colon screening at 40
184
mc testicular mass in newborn
hydrocele
185
mc testicular mass in adolescence and older
varicocele
186
mc testicular mass in children
hematoma
187
mc testicular tumor
adenoma
188
Testicular cancer 1st year of life
yolk sack cancer
189
mc testicular cancer: teen to adult. Highly malignant
Seminoma
190
all neurocutaneous disease have
mental retardation
cerebral calcifications
seizures
190
Next step for any firm testicular mass
orchiectomy
191
Breast Mass treatment
surgery
tamoxifen/Raloxifene (estrogen +)
chemotherapy : premenopausal
Radiation: post menopausal
192
bleeding nipple
intraductal papilloma
193
Breast:cells lined up in single file
Lobular adenocarcinoma
194
comedocarcinoma
focal areas of necrosis
195
peau d'orange(lymphatics intiltration) most malignant
inflammatory adenocarcinoma
196
exploding sarcoma that stops growing
cystosarcoma
197
located in upper outer quadrant and nipple
presents with dimple
intraductal adenocarcinoma
198
Rash or ulcer around nipple
Paget's disease
199
Osteolytic or osteoblastic met from breast
intraductal adenocarcinoma
estogen and progest dependent
200
Greenish fluid on aspiration, enlarges last two week of menses
fibrocystic disease
progesterone dependent
201
Enlarges first two weeks of menses
fibroadenomas
estrogen dependent
202
mc breast tumor below 25(estrogen)
fibroadenoma
203
mc breast tumor above 25 (progest)
fibrocystic disease
204
Rouleaux formation, Hypercalcemia, Kappa, IG-g
Multiple myeloma
Plasmacytoma (single lesion)
205
onion skinning on childs X-ray
Ewing's osteosarcoma
T(11/22)
206
mc bone cancer
mets
207
mc diaphyseal and metaphyseal cancer
mets
208
starburst cortex, codman's triangle in adults
metaphyseal: osteosarcoma
209
chondrosarcoma
mc cancer of epiphysis
210
actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease indicate possible
squamous cell carcinoma
ulcerative lesions
211
what disease might increase risk of squamous cell carcinoma
Job's, syndrome, albinism, porphyria cutanea tarda;, PKU, Wiskott-Aldrich
212
Mc skin cancer that does not behave malignantly
Basal cell carcinoma
213
Mc malignant skin cancer
melanoma
