Khan P/S 3

Question 1

Focused on inequalities of different groups in society, based on idea of Karl Marx that believed society evolved throguh several stages:
Feudalism -> capitalism -> socialism

Answer 1

Conflict theory

Question 2

Argues that people actively shape their reality through social interactions.
It is something that is made not inherent. Things are social products made of the values of the society that created it

Answer 2

Social constructionism

Question 3

Concept/practice everyone in society agrees to treat a certain way regardless of its inherent value ex: money

Answer 3

Social construct

Question 4

Are created by social conventions and do rely on other facts:
Ex: money depends on the paper we have given value

Answer 4

Institutional facts

Question 5

People always take rational actions, weighing costs and benefits of each action to gain most benefit
3 assumptions: completeness, transitivity, and independence of irrelevant alternatives

Answer 5

Rational choice theory

Question 6

Application of rational choice theory to social interactions. Family, work, interpersonal relationships. People behave with goal of maximizing own rewards while minimizing punishments and people can make rational choices in social norms and self interests and interdependence guides interactions and from relationships from cost-benefit analysis

Answer 6

Exchange theory

Question 7

Looks at how older generation looks at themselves. Certain activities, or jobs lost, those social interactions need to be replaced so elderly can be engaged

Answer 7

Activist theory

Question 8

Older adults and society separate, assumes they become more self-absorbed as they age but considers elderly people still involved in society as not adjusting very well, which is debatable

Answer 8

Disengagement theory

Question 9

People try to maintain same basic structure throughout their lives. As they age make decisions to adapt to external changes and internal changes of aging

Answer 9

Continuity theory

Question 10

What are the 5 considerations of gender:

Answer 10

1. Biological
2. Identity (Gender they identify as)
3. Expression (gender they express)
4. Attraction (gender they’re romantically attracted to)
5. Fornication (gender they’re sexually attracted to)

Question 11

Importance of world as a unit, divides world into 3 countries: core, periphery, and semi-periphery
Core: Western Europe and U.S.
Periphery: Latin America and Africa, greatly influenced by and depend on core countries and trans national corporations
Semi periphery: Brazil and India, middle ground
- Semi periphery are criticized for being too focused on core countries and ignoring class struggles of individual countries

Answer 11

Semi periphery

Question 12

All countries follow similar path of development to modern society.
-With same help, traditional countries can develop similarly to the way today’s developed countries did

Answer 12

Modernization theory

Question 13

Uses idea of core and periphery countries to look at inequalities.
-Periphery countries export resources to core countries, and don’t have means to develop

Answer 13

Dependency Theory

Question 14

Actions of groups oppressed/deprived of rights that others in society enjoy.
Ex: civil rights movement, a response to oppression to people of color

Answer 14

Relative Deprivation Theory

Question 15

3 things needed for social movements:

Answer 15

Relative deprivation, deserving better, and belief conventional methods are useless to help

Question 16

Looks at social movements from different angle. Instead of looking at deprivation of people, focuses on factors that help/hinder a social movement like access to resources. Need money, materials, political influence, media, and charismatic leader : MLK

Answer 16

Resource Mobilization Theory

Question 17

People compare pros and cons of different courses of actions and choose the one thing they think is best for themselves

Answer 17

Rational Choice theory

Question 18

Looks at how mass media on micro-level to see how it shapes day to day behavior and how we connect with others using media changes over time

Answer 18

Interaction perspectives

Question 19

Looks at a group of different people at one moment in time

Answer 19

Cross-sectional study

Question 20

Following a subset of population over a lifetime. A cohort is a group of people who share a common characteristic in period of time

Answer 20

Cohort study

Question 21

Observational study where 2 groups differing in outcome are identified and compared to find a causal factor.

Example: Comparing people with the disease with those who don’t but are otherwise similar

Answer 21

Case-control study

Question 22

Extent to which a causal conclusion based on study is warranted. Confounding factors often impact the internal validity of an experiment

Answer 22

Internal validity

Question 23

Whether results of the study can be generalized to other situations and other people. To protect external validity, sample must be completely random and all situational variables must be tightly controlled

Answer 23

External validity

Question 24

If first measurement is extreme, second measurement will be closer to the mean

Answer 24

Regression of the mean

Question 25

Time related confounding variabels

Answer 25

Temporal confounds

Question 26

What experimental group does without the directly desired impact

Answer 26

Vehicular control

Question 27

Kinship based on genetic relationships (biological parents)

Answer 27

Consanguinal kinships

Question 28

Kinship based on marriage

Answer 28

Affinal kinship

Question 29

Social ties/kinship that are not consanguinal or affinal (not based on genetic relationships, or marriage)
-Example: Adopted children

Answer 29

Fictive Kinship