MCAT Biology Circulatory, Lymph, and immune response part 2

Question 1

Plasma with the clotting factor removed. __ is often used in diagnostic test since it does not clot

Answer 1

Serum

Question 2

A region of specialized cardiac muscle cells in the right atrium of the heart that initiate the impulse for heart contraction

Answer 2

Sinatrial node SA node

Question 3

The __ is known as the “pacemaker of the heart

Answer 3

Sinatrial node

Question 4

A blood pressure cuff is a __

Answer 4

sphygmomanometer

Question 5

An abdominal organ that is considered part of the immune system

Answer 5

Spleen

Question 6

The spleen has four functions

Answer 6

1. filters antigens from the blood
2. site of B cell maturation
3. Stores blood
4. Destroys old red blood cells

Question 7

The volume of blood pumped out of the heart in a single beat (contraction)

Answer 7

Stroke volume

Question 8

The period of time during which the ventricles of the heart are contracted

Answer 8

Systole

Question 9

The pressure measured in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles

Answer 9

Systolic pressure

Question 10

__destroy abnormal self-cells (Cancer cells) and infected cells

Answer 10

Killer T cells

Question 11

___secrete chemicals that help killer Ts and B cells proliferate

Answer 11

Helper T cells

Question 12

A blood clot that forms in an unbroken blood vessel

Answer 12

Thrombus

Question 13

__are dangerous because they can break free and begin traveling in the bloodstream as emboli. Emboli ultimately become stuck in a small vessel and prevent adequate blood delivery to tissues beyond the sticking point, leading to tissue death.
A brain embolism can lead to stroke
A heart embolism to a heart attack
Pulmonary embolism to respiratory failure

Answer 13

Thrombus

Question 14

An immune organ located near the heart, it is the site of T cell maturation it is LARGER in children and adolescents

Answer 14

Thymus

Question 15

Paired masses of lymphatic tissue near the back of the throat that help trap inhaled or swallowed pathogens

Answer 15

Tonsils

Question 16

A person with the blood type AB+ is a __

Answer 16

universal acceptor (recipient)

Question 17

This person’s red blood cells possess all the typical blood surface proteins, they will not display an immune reaction if transfused with any of the other blood types

Answer 17

Universal acceptor (recipient)

Question 18

A person with blood type __ is the universal donor

Answer 18

O-

Question 19

This person’s red blood cells possess none of the typical blood surface proteins, they can’t initiate an immune reaction in a recipient

Answer 19

Universal donor

Question 20

A waste product of protein breakdown, produced by the liver and released into the bloodstream to be eliminated by the kidneys

Answer 20

Urea

Question 21

A blood vessel that carries blood toward the chambers

Answer 21

Vein

Question 22

___do not have muscular walls, have valves to ensure that blood flows in one direction only, and are typically low-pressure vessels

Answer 22

Veins

Question 23

One of the two large vessels that return deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart

Answer 23

Vena cava

Question 24

The amount of blood returned to the heart by the vena cavae

Answer 24

Venous return

Question 25

The __ has thin walls and pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery.

Answer 25

Right Ventricle

Question 26

The ___ has thick walls and pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the aorta

Answer 26

Left ventricle