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MCAT > Physics sound > Flashcards

Physics sound Flashcards

1
Q

Sound wave is a ___ wave because the direction of the particles of the conducting medium oscillate is parallel to the direction the wave travels

A

Longitudinal wave

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2
Q

Humans can perceive sound in the wave frequency range of __ and __

A

20 Hz to 20 kHz

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3
Q

What are the two things that a sounds speed are dependent on?

A

The medium’s resistance to compression (quantified as the Bulk modulus) and its density

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4
Q

Sound travels slowest throguh __ and fastest through__

A

Sound travels slowest through gases, then liquids and fastest through solids

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5
Q

A siren produces sound waves in the air. If the frequency of the waves is gradually decreasing, what is most likely occuring to the waves?

A

The wavelengths are increasing, because the wave speed is set by the medium, the wave speed is constant
Since V= wavelength x frequency,
-Wavelength and frequency are inversely proportional, if f decreases the wavelength must increase

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6
Q

__of a sound wave is the energy it tansmits per second (the power) per unit area

A

Intensity

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7
Q

What are the units of intensity?

A

W/m^2

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8
Q

The threshold of hearing, the lowest intensity the human ear can perceive as sound is equal to ___

A

1o^-12 W/m^2 intesntiy

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9
Q

___ arises whenever a source of wave is moving relative to the detector, the result is that the perceived or detected frequency will be different from the frequency of the sound that was emitted from the source

A

Doppler effect

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10
Q

If the detector moves toward the source of sound, or if the source of sound moves toward the detector, the detected frequency will be ___

A

higher than the emitted frequency

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11
Q

If a detector moves toward (or away from) a stationary source, the relative speed of sound __

A

changes

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12
Q

Sound travels faster through ___air because density is lower than colder air

A

Hotter

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13
Q

The maximum displacement of a molecule in the medium disturbed in a sound wave is termed its __

A

amplitude

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14
Q

__ is the amount of time it takes for one air molecule to complete 1 cycle as sound moves through it measured in seconds

A

Period

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15
Q

Electromagnetic waves are ___

A

Transverse waves

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16
Q

What is the order of colors from lowest frequency (longest wavelength) to highest frequency (shortest wavelength)

A

ROYGBV

Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Violet

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17
Q

As frequency increases, wavelength____

A

High frequency corresponds to shorter wavelength

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18
Q

A low frequency will have a ___ wavelength

A

Long wavelength

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19
Q

Wave-particle duality describes electromagnetic radiation as ___

A

EM radiation travels like a wave, but interacts with matter like a particle

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20
Q

For an EM, energy is proportional to the square of ___

A

amplitude

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21
Q

For particles (photons), energy is proportional to ___

A

frequency

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22
Q

If EM radiation has a higher frequency then it has higher __

A

energy in photon (energy is proportional to frequency)

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23
Q

The angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence

A

Law of reflection

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24
Q

___is the angle that the transmitted (refracted) ray makes with the line that’s perpendicular to the plane of interface between two media

A

Angle of refraction

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25
Q

When light travels through a material medium such as water or glass, its transmission speed is __

A

less than c (the speed it travels in a vacuum (equal for all types of light)

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26
Q

The greater the index of refraction for a medium___

A

the slower light travels through that medium

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27
Q

By Snell’s law, if the transmitting medium has a higher index of refraction (n2) than the incident medium (n1) then___

A

the ray will bend toward the normal

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28
Q

By Snells law, if the transmitting medium (n2) has a lower index of refraction than the incident medium (n1) then__

A

The ray will bend AWAY from the normal

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29
Q

If the transmitting medium (n2) has a higher index of refraction than the incident medium (n1) then angle2 will be __

A

less than angle 1 (angle of incidence), the ray is bednign toward the normal

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30
Q

When light ray traveling in a medium of higher refractive index approaches a medium of lower refractive index (from water to air) it may or may not escape into the second medium, if the rays angle of incidence exceeds a certain critical angle, the light will undergo__

A

total internal reflection, all of the incident ray’s energy will be reflectd back into the original medium, no refracted ray

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31
Q

If the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, then ___

A

total internal reflection will occur

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32
Q

IF when using snells law of reflection I find an angle of sin(0) > 1 (which is impossible, what does that mean?

A

It means there is NO ANGLE OF REFRACTION, there is TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION

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33
Q

The variation in amplitude of the resultant wave created by the interference of two waves with different frequencies. If f1 and f2 are the frequencies of the two waves, then the ___ frequency is given by f_ = | f1 - f2|

A

Beats

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34
Q

A ___ is a region where the local density and pressure is momentarily increased from standard due to the passage of sound wave

A

Compression

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35
Q

A __ is a mirror whose reflecting surface is curved toward the object so that its center is furthest from the object, it has a POSITIVE focal length

A

Concave mirror

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36
Q

A __ is a diverging lens, it has a NEGATIVE focal length

A

Concave lens

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37
Q

A lens that is thicker in the middle than in its edges. A __ causes incident parallel rays of light to converge to the focal point after passing through the lens

A

Converging lens

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38
Q

A __ is a mirror whose reflecting surface is curved away from the object; it has a NEGATIVE focal length

A

Convex mirror

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39
Q

A __ is a converging lens; it has a POSITIVE focal length

A

Convex lens

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40
Q

The redistribution of a wave’s energy as it encounters and moves beyond an obstruction (or hole)

A

Diffraction

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41
Q

A lens that is thinner in the middle than at its edges. A __ causes an incident parallel rays of light to diverge away from the focal point after passing through the lens

A

Diverging lens

42
Q

What is the order of increasing frequency of the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

Radio, microwaves, infrared light (IR), visible light, UV, X-ray, Gamma rays

43
Q

The distance from a mirror or lens to its focal point along the axis of curvature.

A

Focal length

44
Q

Concave mirrors and converging lenses have ___focal lengths

A

POSITIVE focal lengths

45
Q

Convex mirrors and diverging lenses have ____focal lengths

A

NEGATIVE focal lengths

46
Q

For a concave mirror or a converging lens, the focal point is ___

A

the point TO which rays of light that are initially paralll to the optical axis are focused after contact with the mirror or lens

47
Q

For a convex mirror or a diverging lens, the focal point is ___

A

the point FROM which rays of light that are initially parallel to the optical axis are diverged after contact with the mirror or lens

48
Q

The number of oscillations (cycles) per second

A

Frequency

49
Q

Intensity is related directly to the ___

A

wave’s amplitude and diminishes with the square of the distance from the source

50
Q

A wave in which the oscillations of the medium are parallel to the direction of propagation of the wave

A

longitudinal waves (sound waves are longitudinal)

51
Q

A thin piece of glass or plastic that forms an image by REFRACTING light

A

Lens

52
Q

A surface that forms an image by REFLECTING light

A

Mirror

53
Q

A negative value for the magnification means __

A

the image is INVERTED relative to the object

54
Q

A transverse wave is __ if the direction of its oscillations is __

A

constant (confined to vary in a particular way)

55
Q

In optics, __ is a measure of the focusing strength of al ens

A

Lens power P = 1/f

56
Q

Energy emitted or absorbed due to propagation of waves (electromagnetic waves, unless a different kind of wave is specially mentioned)

A

Radiation

57
Q

A region where the local density and pressure is momentarily decrease from standard due to the passage of a sound wave

A

Rarefaction

58
Q

An image formed by a mirror or lens where the light rays actually DO intersect, it can be projected onto a screen

A

Real image

59
Q

The change in direction of a wave when it passes from one medium to another

A

Refraction

60
Q

When an incident beam of light strikes the surface of a medium with a lower index of refraction, the beam will experience ___ if the angle of incidence is GREATER than the critical angle. in this case none of the beam’s energy is transmitted to the other medium; it is only reflected.

A

Total internal reflection

61
Q

An image formed by a mirror or lens where light rays DON’t actually intersect. A __ can’t be displayed on a screen

A

Virtual image

62
Q

Convex mirrors and divering (concave) lenses form ONLY___

A

virtual images

63
Q

If the focal length f, and image distance i are positive, __

A

they are on the same side as the human observer in relation to the mirror or lens.

64
Q

A positive value for i, image length, tells us __

A

the image is in front of the mirror and it is real

65
Q

If we get a negative value for i, image length, tells us__

A

the image is virtual and behind the mirror

66
Q

If m, magnification factor is positive __

A

The image is upright

67
Q

If m, magnification factor is negative, __

A

the image is INVERTED

68
Q

If i is POSITIVE then__

A

m is negative

69
Q

If i is negative, then __

A

m is positive

70
Q

Real images are __ and virtual images are __

A

real images are inverted and virtual images are upright

71
Q

Concave mirrors can create ___ images

A

real and virtual images

72
Q

Convex mirrors can only create ___

A

virtual images

73
Q

___ are thicker in the middle than they are at the ends, and they refract light rays that are parallel to the axis toward the focal point on the other side of the lens

A

Converging lens

74
Q

___ are thinner in the middle than they are at the ends, and they refract light rays that are parallel to the axis AWAY from the imaginary focal point that’s in front of the lens

A

Diverging lens

75
Q

When using lens equation, write the focal length of a CONVERGING lens as a ___

A

POSITIVE number

76
Q

When writing the focal length of a DIVERGING lens write it as a __

A

NEGATIVE number

77
Q

For a concave mirror, f is ___ and for a convex mirror f is ___

A

For a concave mirror f is positive

For a convex mirror, f is negative

78
Q

For a concave lens f is __

A

negative

79
Q

For a convex lens f is __

A

positive

80
Q

For a lens, real images are formed on the ___

A

opposite side of the lens from the object

81
Q

For lenses, virtual images are formed on __

A

same side of the lens as the object

82
Q

A lens with a short focal length ____than a lens with a longer focal length

A

refracts light more than a lens with a longer focal length

83
Q

A lens with a shorter focal length has __ than a lens with a longer focal length

A

GREATER POWER

84
Q

Since the focal length of a converging lens is positive, the power of a converging lens is __

A

positive

85
Q

Since the focal length of a diverging lens is negative, the power of a diverging lens is __

A

negative

86
Q

Individuals with __ cannot focus clearly on distant objects

A

Myopia or nearsightedness

87
Q

__ individuals are unable to focus clearly on objects that are near the eye

A

Hyperopia or farsightedness

88
Q

___ is the term in which an eye’s ability to accommodate is compromised by the loss of elasticity in the lens of the eye

A

Accomodation

89
Q

__ refers to the ability to focus on nearby objects through the action of ciliary muscles, which essentially squeeze the lens of the eye

A

Accomodation

90
Q

What type of lens is required to correct myopia and why?

A

Myopia is corrected with a diverging lens because a lens that “delays” the focus is required, a lens that diverges the parallel rays before they enter the lens of the eye so that they will focus beyond the focal point of the unaided eye and on the retina

91
Q

What type of lens is required to correct Hyperopia and presbyopia and why?

A

A convering lens because the light rays are naturally focused beyond the retina in this condiiton.

A lens that “accelerates” the focusing is required.
A converging lens will converge the rays before they enter the lens of the eye so that they will focus in front of the focal point on the retina

92
Q

If the angle of incidence is LESS than the critical angle __

A

light refracts AWAY from the normal

93
Q

If the angle of incidence is EQUAL to the critical angle __

A

light refracts at 90 degrees to the normal

94
Q

If the angle of incidence is GREATER than the critical angle

A

TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION OCCURS

95
Q

A real image occurs whenever __

A

light rays converge at a point

96
Q

A virtual image occurs because__

A

light rays APPEAR to converge at a point, but they don;t

97
Q

Anytime you place an object between focal point and convex/converging lens you’re going to have a __

A

virtual, upright, and enlarged image

98
Q

For a concave mirror, the focal length is __

A

positive

99
Q

For a convex mirror, the focal length is __

A

negative

100
Q

For mirrors when di is positive_

A

Real image

101
Q

For mirrors when di is negative___

A

Virtual image

MCAT (45 decks)

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