Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MCAT > MCAT Psych part 2 > Flashcards

MCAT Psych part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

____includes hairstyles, foods, and the design of

A

Material culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

__is specific to social thoughts and ideas, such as values

A

Non-material culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A socially defined concept referring to whether a large social group identified with each other based on culture

A

Ethnicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The potential reproductive capacity of a female in a population

A

Fecundity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Poverty that is due to circumstantial conditions such as a lack of stable employment

A

Marginal poverty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

An inability to meet the average standard of living within a society

A

Relative poverty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

This hypothesis asserts that people understand their world through language and that language, in turn, shapes how people experience the world

A

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis/ Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The potential for social networks to allow for upward social mobility

A

Social capital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The study of the distribution of health and disease across a population using social concepts to explain patterns of health and illness

A

Social epidemiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Poverty due to structural effects such as systemic oppression or lack of infrastructure and reliable social institutions

A

Structural poverty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A culture’s standard for evaluating what is good or bad

A

Values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The tendency to blame our actions on the situation and blame the actions of others on their personalities

A

Actor-observer bias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A theory that attempts to explain behavior by attributing it to either internal or external causes

A

Attribution theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

People who share similar characteristics but are not otherwise linked as a group

A

Category

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Organizations in which members do not have a choice in joining

A

Coercive organizations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Judging another culture based on its own cultural standards

A

Cultural relativism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Unjust TREATMENT of a group, based on group characteristics

A

Discrimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Model that explains whether the content of an argument or some more superficial attribute is more likely to cause persuasion

A

Elaboration likelihood model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The tendency to judge PEOPLE from another culture by the standards of one’s own culture

A

Ethnocentrism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Norms that are more informal, yet shape everyday behavior

styles of dress, ways of greeting

A

Folkways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

This principle suggests that when someone is blocked from achieving a goal, this frustration can trigger anger, which can lead to aggression

A

Frustration-aggression principle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The tendency to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact of a person’s character or personality on their behavior

A

Fundamental attribution error

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The phenomenon where groups tend to intensify the preexisting views of their members until the average view is more extreme than it initially was

A

Group polarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A phenomenon in which the desire for group harmony results in an easy consensus, even if the final decision is not the best one

A

Group think

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
A tendency to believe that people have inherently good or bad natures, rather than looking at individual characteristics
Halo effect
26
Tendency to believe that an event was predictable AFTER it has already occurred
Hindsight bias
27
A psychological perspective that emphasizes an individual's inherent drive toward self-actualization
Humanistic psychology
28
Constructed out of experiences,expectations, and role models; the person one wishes to be
Ideal self
29
The process whereby people attempt to manage their images by influencing others perception
Impression management/ self-presentation
30
A theory that suggests that cooperation among organisms promotes genetic success
Inclusive fitness
31
The emotional result when the real self falls short of the ideal self
Incongruity
32
The process of complying to do the right thing because "others know something we don't know"
Informational social influence
33
The ability to learn from experience, problem-solve, and adapt to new situations
Intelligence
34
The tendency to believe that the world is fair and people get what they deserve
Just world phenomenon
35
Sociological theory that investigates key events in a person's life and how they unfold over time and lead to a person's development
Life course perspective
36
The idea that a person's sense of self develops from interpersonal interactions with others in society and the perceptions of others
Looking Glass self
37
The status that dominates other statuses and determines an individual's position in society
Master status
38
When dissenting opinions are prevented from permeating a group by filtering out information that goes against group beliefs
Mindguarding
39
The phenomenon where people develop preference for things because they have been exposed to them
Mere exposure effect
40
Norms that are highly important for the benefit of society and so are often strictly enforced
Mores
41
A perspective that endorses equal standing for all cultural traditions
Multiculturalism (pluralism)
42
When the motivation for compliance is a desire for the approval of others and to avoid rejection
Normative social influence
43
An organization where membership is based on morally relevant goals
Normative organization
44
The visible and invisible rules of social conduct within a society
Norms
45
A large group, more impersonal than a network, that comes together to pursue particular activities and meet goals efficiently
Organization
46
Cognitive route of persuasion that involves more superficial or secondary characteristics
Peripheral route
47
A distinct sense of self, including personally-defined attributes
Personal identity
48
THOUGHTS ATTITUDES AND FEELINGS someone holds about a group that are based on a prejudgement or biased thinking about a group and its members
Prejudice
49
Occurs when we assume others have the same beliefs we do, due to our tendency to look for similarities between ourselves and others
Projection bias
50
Occurs when there is a conflict in society's expectations for multiple statuses held by the same person (example: being male and being a nurse)
Role conflict
51
The process of disengaging from a role that has become closely tied to one's self-identity to take on a new role
Role exit
52
Occurs when a single status results in conflicting expectations
Role strain
53
The sum of a individuals knowledge and understanding of his or herself
Self-concept
54
Awareness of one's self
Self-consciousness
55
The belief in one's own competence and effectiveness
Self-efficacy
56
One's overall self-evaluation of one's self-worth
Self-esteem
57
When stereotypes lead a person to behave in such a way as to affirm the original stereotype
Self-fulfilling prophecy
58
A strategy in which people create obstacles and excuses to avoid self-blame when they do poorly
Self-handicapping
59
The beliefs and ideas people have about themselves
Self-schemas
60
The tendency to attribute our successes to ourselves and our failures to others or the external environment
Self-serving bias
61
Social psychology theory that individuals wish to be understood in terms of their deeply held beliefs in a way that is consistent with their self-concept
Self verification
62
The idea that the mind and self emerge through the process of communicating with others
Social behaviorism
63
The ability of the brain to store and process information regarding social perception
Social cognition
64
According to this perspective, personality is formed by a reciprocal interaction among behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors
Social cognitive perspective
65
The phenomenon that describes how people tend to perform simple, well-learned tasks better when other people are present, while difficult, novel tasks are performed poorly in front of others
Social facilitation effect
66
The social definitions of self, including race, religion, gender, occupation, and the like
Social identity
67
A web of social relationships including those in which a person is directly linked as well as indirectly connected people
Social network
68
The ability to understand others in our social world
Social perception
69
The process through which people learn to be proficient members of society
Socialization
70
Expectations for people of a given social status
Social roles
71
The perception that one is cared for and part of a social network; supportive resources can be tangible or emotional
Social support
72
Oversimplified ideas about groups of people, based on characteristics
Stereotypes
73
Refers to a self-fulfilling fear that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype
Stereotype threat
74
Extreme disapproval of a person or group based on the person or groups actual or perceived deviance from society
Stigma
75
An organization in which members get paid for their efforts, such as businesses
Utilitarian organization
76
This type of therapy uses conditioning to shape a client's behavior in the desired direction
Behavioral therapy
77
The perspective that personality is a result of learned behavior patterns based on the environment
Behaviorism
78
A type of therapy that addresses thoughts and behaviors that are maladaptive by using goal-oriented and systematic techniques
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
79
A theory that explains that we feel tension whenever we hold two thoughts that are incompatible
Cognitive dissonance theory
80
According to psychoanalytic theory, the death instinct drives aggressive behaviors fueled by unconscious wish to die or to hurt oneself or others
Death instinct
81
According to Freuid's psychoanalytic theory, the ego is ruled by the reality principle, and uses logical thinking and planning to control consciousness
Ego
82
Mechanisms developed to cope with anxiety and protect the ego, in a way that unconsciously denies or distorts reality
Ego defense mechanisms
83
Is the source of energy and instinct that seeks to gain pleasure
Id
84
A theory that suggests that incentives (objects that either induce or discourage behaviors) motivate human behavior
Incentive theory
85
Behaviors that are unlearned and present in fixed patterns throughout a species
Instinct
86
When people modify their attitudes to match their behaviors, specifically those involving effort
Justification of effort
87
The life instinct, which drives behaviors focused on survival, growth, creativity, pain avoidance, and seeking pleasure
Libido
88
A disagreement about the degree to which a person's reaction in a given situation is due to their personality or is due to the situation itself
Person-Situation controversy
89
The nuanced and complex individual pattern of thinking, feeling, and behavior associated with each person
Personality
90
A generally stable predisposition toward a certain behavior
Personality trait
91
The idea that an attitude affects a person's aggregate or average behavior, but cannot necessarily predict each isolated act
Principle of aggregation
92
According to this theory, personality is shaped by a person's unconscious thoughts,feelings and memories
Psychoanalytic theory
93
This therapy approach helps a patient become aware of his or her unconscious sources for emotional issues and conflicts that are causing difficulties
Psychoanalytic therapy
94
According to humanistic psychology, individuals have an innate drive to realize their human potential
Self-actualization
95
According to this perspective, personality is formed by a reciprocal interaction among behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors
Social cognitive perspective
96
According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the __ inhibits the id and influences the ego to follow moralistic rather than realistic goals
Superego
97
Internal stable, and enduring aspects of personality that should be consistent across most situations
Trait
98
Law that asserts that a moderate level of arousal creates optimal performance. Too little arousal leads to complacency and too much arousal can be overwhelming.
Yerkes-Dodson Law
99
refers to the phenomenon where cultures take time to catch up with technological innovations
cultural lag
100
increased electrical conductivity of the skin is a physiological indication of
Sympathetic activation

MCAT (45 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions