Lab 10 - Acid-Base Balance Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is the normal pH of blood?
A) 6.4
B) 7.0
C) 7.4
D) 8
C) 7.4
Explanation: The normal pH of blood is tightly regulated between 7.35 and 7.45. A pH of 7.4 is the ideal midpoint and represents a balanced acid-base state in the body.
If your pH is less than 7.35, you are in a state of (BLANK).
A) Neither Of These
B) Neither Of These
C) Alkalemia
D) Acidemia
D) Acidemia
Explanation: A pH < 7.35 indicates acidemia, meaning the blood is more acidic than normal. This is a state, not a process, and reflects the net result of any underlying acidosis.
If your pH is greater than 7.45, you are in a state of (BLANK).
A) Neither Of These
B) Acidemia
C) None Of These
D) Alkalemia
D) Alkalemia
Explanation: A pH > 7.45 means the blood is more alkaline than normal. This is referred to as alkalemia, indicating that the body is in a basic state.
What does the root “osis” mean in general?
A) None Of These
B) The Process Of
C) The Breaking Down Of
D) The Building Of
B) The Process Of
Explanation: The suffix “-osis” refers to a process or condition that affects the body. For example, acidosis is a process that tends to lower blood pH.
What is the formula for pH?
A) Log{OH⁻}
B) – Log{OH⁻}
C) Log{H⁺}
D) – Log{H⁺}
D) – Log{H⁺}
Explanation: The pH of a solution is calculated using the formula –log[H⁺]. It reflects the concentration of hydrogen ions: more H⁺ = lower pH = more acidic.
Which molecule or atom of this formula are we concerned with here in this video?
A) H₂CO₃
B) H⁺
C) HCO₃⁻
D) H₂O
B) H⁺
Explanation: The concentration of H⁺ (hydrogen ions) determines the pH of blood. This is the central focus of acid-base balance because it’s what makes a solution acidic.
Which of these molecules is the body’s buffer?
A) HCO₃⁻
B) H⁺
C) H₂O
D) H₂CO₃
A) HCO₃⁻
Explanation: Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) is the body’s main buffer. It neutralizes excess H⁺ to maintain stable pH levels in the blood.
Where is this bicarbonate primarily produced?
A) The Heart
B) The Spleen
C) The Kidney
D) The Liver
C) The Kidney
Explanation: The kidneys produce and regulate bicarbonate, playing a key role in long-term pH balance. They reabsorb and generate HCO₃⁻ as needed.
Where does the CO₂ expel from the body?
A) Lungs
B) Anus
C) Ears
D) Eyes
A) Lungs
Explanation: CO₂ is expelled from the body through the lungs. This is a key way the respiratory system helps regulate blood pH by controlling CO₂ levels.
What is the normal range for the partial pressure of carbon dioxide?
A) 35–45
B) 25–35
C) 15–25
D) 45–55
A) 35–45
Explanation: The normal pCO₂ range in arterial blood is 35–45 mmHg. Levels outside this range indicate either respiratory acidosis or alkalosis depending on the direction of change
What has a hydrogen ion (H⁺) done in order to become positively charged?
A) None of these
B) Gained
C) Lost
D) Doubled
C) Lost
Explanation: A hydrogen ion (H⁺) forms when a hydrogen atom loses its only electron, leaving behind just a positively charged proton.
Who developed the pH scale?
A) Niels Bohr
B) Albert Einstein
C) S.P. Sorensen
D) Isaac Newton
C) S.P. Sorensen
Explanation: Danish chemist S.P. Sørensen developed the pH scale in 1909 to quantify acidity levels, originally while working in a brewery lab in Copenhagen.
If a chemical is acidic, its pH will be:
A) Always 14
B) Above 7
C) Below 7
D) Always 0
C) Below 7
Explanation: On the pH scale, acids have pH values below 7. The lower the number, the stronger the acid due to higher H⁺ concentration.
In moving from a pH of 4 to a pH of 2, the concentration of H⁺ ions would be (BLANK) greater.
A) 10x
B) 100x
C) 1x
D) 1,000x
B) 100x
Explanation: The pH scale is logarithmic, meaning each step is a 10× change. Moving from pH 4 to pH 2 is two steps, so the H⁺ concentration increases by 10² = 100×.
What is the pH of pure water?
A) 14
B) 7
C) 0
D) 7.4
B) 7
Explanation: Pure water is neutral, meaning it has equal concentrations of H⁺ and OH⁻ ions. On the pH scale, neutral is defined as pH 7.
Which products listed here are bases?
A) Baking soda
B) Ammonia
C) Milk of Magnesia
D) All of these
D) All of these
Explanation: Baking soda, ammonia, and milk of magnesia are all bases. They either accept H⁺ ions or release OH⁻ ions in solution, placing them above 7 on the pH scale.
Acids (BLANK) H⁺ while bases (BLANK) H⁺.
A) Accept, produce
B) Produce, accept
C) Destroy, create
D) None of these
B) Produce, accept
Explanation: Acids produce H⁺ ions in solution, while bases accept H⁺ ions. This is the core of the Brønsted–Lowry acid-base theory.
Hydrogen ions will react with (BLANK) ions to make (BLANK).
A) Hydrogen, water
B) Hydroxide, water
C) Hydrogen, OH⁻
D) Hydroxide, OH⁻
B) Hydroxide, water
Explanation: When H⁺ (from an acid) reacts with OH⁻ (from a base), they combine to form H₂O (water). This is called a neutralization reaction.
What is the term for a molecule that can act as an acid or a base?
A) Ambidextrous
B) Amphomeric
C) Anoxic
D) Amphoteric
D) Amphoteric
Explanation: Amphoteric substances can act as both acids and bases. Amino acids are amphoteric because they have both acidic (–COOH) and basic (–NH₂) groups.
Which one of these is able to accept Hydrogen ions?
A) a
B) Both a & b
C) b
D) Neither a or b
C) b
Explanation:
Label a points to the –OH group of a carboxylic acid (–COOH). This group is known for donating hydrogen ions (H⁺), which is what makes it acidic. When it loses a hydrogen ion, it forms a negatively charged carboxylate ion (–COO⁻). Since it releases H⁺ rather than accepting it, it acts as a proton donor — not a proton acceptor.
Label b, on the other hand, points to an amino group (–NH₂). This group contains a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons, allowing it to accept a hydrogen ion (H⁺) and become –NH₃⁺. This ability to bind to a free proton makes it a basic site in the molecule and the correct answer to this question.
