Lab 7 - Respiratory System Flashcards
(20 cards)
Approximately how many years ago did animals begin breathing oxygen?
A) 4.5 billion
B) 280 million
C) 380 million
D) 1 billion
C) 380 million
Explanation: Around 380 million years ago, a lobe-finned fish developed lungs and became one of the first air-breathing vertebrates, marking a major evolutionary step toward life on land.
Before oxygen was present in the air, how did organisms obtain oxygen from the water?
A) Breathing via lungs
B) They drank it
C) Osmosis
D) Diffusion
D) Diffusion
Explanation: Early microscopic organisms absorbed oxygen through their cell membranes using simple diffusion — a passive process where molecules move from areas of high concentration to low concentration.
- Which system is this as indicated by the arrow?
A) Immune
B) Digestive
C) Circulatory
D) Respiratory
C) Circulatory
Explanation: The heart is the central organ of the circulatory system, which pumps blood to transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste throughout the body.
These oxygen molecules have to cross (BLANK) layers of cell membrane to enter the bloodstream.
A) 5
B) 3
C) 2
D) 4
D) 4
Explanation: Oxygen crosses four layers — two epithelial and two endothelial membranes — to move from the alveoli into the blood in the capillaries.
Do lungs have any contractible muscle tissue?
A) Maybe
B) No
C) I don’t know
D) Yes
B) No
Explanation: Lungs contain no muscle tissue themselves. They rely on surrounding muscles (like the diaphragm and intercostals) to expand and contract during breathing.
This structure separates your (BLANK) from your abdomen.
A) Small intestine
B) Large intestine
C) Trachea
D) Thorax
D) Thorax
Explanation: The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic (chest) cavity from the abdominal cavity and is essential for breathing.
The conducting zone aspect of respiration begins with your (BLANK).
A) Diaphragm
B) Nose
C) Head
D) Lungs
B) Nose
Explanation: The conducting zone starts with the nose, which filters, warms, and moistens incoming air before it moves through the respiratory tract to the lungs.
Your nose and (BLANK) warms and moistens incoming air.
A) Gills
B) Sinuses
C) Heart
D) Lungs
B) Sinuses
Explanation: The sinuses are air-filled spaces in the skull that help warm, moisten, and filter the air before it enters the lungs.
What is the name of the structure as indicated here by the arrow?
A) Larynx
B) Esophagus
C) Trachea
D) Epiglottis
D) Epiglottis
Explanation: The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage that closes over the trachea during swallowing to prevent food or liquid from entering the airway.
What is the name given to these structures as indicated by the small and large arrows?
A) Alveolar ducts
B) Brachiophiles
C) Lungs
D) Alveolar sacs
A) Alveolar ducts
Explanation: Alveolar ducts are the small airways that lead directly to alveolar sacs. They serve as the final passageways before gas exchange occurs in the alveoli.
What is the name of these portions of this molecule of ATP?
A) Tri-Amine
B) Di-Phosphates
C) Tri-Phosphates
D) Tri-Hydrogen
C) Tri-Phosphates
Explanation: These three connected phosphate groups form the “triphosphate” part of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), which stores energy in their bonds.
Where is most ATP produced?
A) Golgi bodies
B) Cytoplasm
C) Mitochondria
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
C) Mitochondria
Explanation: Most ATP is produced in the mitochondria during the Electron Transport Chain, which is the final stage of cellular respiration.
What is the name of this structure as indicated by the arrow?
A) Ribosome
B) Granules
C) Cristae
D) Matrix
D) Matrix
Explanation: The arrow points to the mitochondrial matrix, the inner fluid-filled space where the Krebs Cycle takes place and where pyruvate is processed.
Where does Glycolysis occur in the cell?
A) Ribosome
B) Mitochondria
C) Cell membrane
D) Cytoplasm
D) Cytoplasm
Explanation: Glycolysis happens in the cytoplasm and breaks down glucose into two pyruvate molecules without the need for oxygen.
What is occurring here as being shown by the arrow?
A) None of these
B) NADH is carrying an ATP to the mitochondria
C) NADH is carrying a hydrogen to the mitochondria
D) NADH is carrying an oxygen to the mitochondria
C) NADH is carrying a hydrogen to the mitochondria
Explanation: NADH is an electron carrier that delivers hydrogen ions and electrons from glycolysis to the mitochondria for use in the Electron Transport Chain.
These two Pyruvate molecules can then break down further in which of these ways?
A) Aerobic
B) Both of these
C) Neither of these
D) Anaerobic
B) Both of these
Explanation: Pyruvate can enter aerobic respiration (with oxygen) or anaerobic fermentation (without oxygen), depending on cellular conditions.
The Krebs Cycle occurs in the (BLANK) and generates (BLANK) as waste.
A) Mitochondrial matrix, carbon dioxide
B) Cytoplasm, water
C) Mitochondrial matrix, water
D) Cytoplasm, carbon dioxide
A) Mitochondrial matrix, carbon dioxide
Explanation: The Krebs Cycle happens in the mitochondrial matrix and produces carbon dioxide as a waste product during the breakdown of pyruvate.
Are these Hydrogen ions delivered by the same type of molecule?
A) No
B) They aren’t delivered by a molecule
C) Yes
D) None of these
A) No
Explanation: Hydrogen ions in the Electron Transport Chain are delivered by two different molecules: NADH and FADH₂, which enter the chain at different points.
How is this Hydrogen ion passing across this membrane?
A) ATP
B) Active transport
C) Osmosis
D) Diffusion
D) Diffusion
Explanation: Hydrogen ions move through ATP synthase by diffusion — from high to low concentration — driving the synthesis of ATP in a process called chemiosmosis.
How many of these ATPs are created at the end of this cycle?
A) 36
B) 30
C) 32
D) 34
D) 34
Explanation: The Electron Transport Chain produces up to 34 ATP molecules, making it the most ATP-generating stage of cellular respiration.
