Lab 6 - Cardiovascular Physiology Flashcards
(20 cards)
The heart consists of (BLANK) chambers.
A) 2
B) 4
C) 3
D) 5
B) 4
Explanation: The heart has four chambers: two atria (upper) and two ventricles (lower), which work together to pump blood throughout the body.
These branches run on the (BLANK) of the heart, lying within the (BLANK) fatty tissue.
A) Surface, subpericardial
B) None of these
C) Interventricular, cardiac
D) Atrial, cardiac
A) Surface, subpericardial
Explanation: Coronary vessels lie on the heart’s surface and are embedded in the subpericardial fat layer just beneath the pericardium.
What is the name of this structure as indicated by the arrow?
A) Right ventricle
B) Right auricle
C) Left auricle
D) Heart
Correct Answer: B) Right auricle
Explanation: The right auricle is a muscular pouch projecting from the right atrium. It increases the atrium’s capacity.
These two major structures of the cardiovascular system are:
A) Left coronary artery
B) Both of these choices
C) Neither of these
D) Right coronary artery
B) Both of these choices
Explanation: The image shows both the left and right coronary arteries, which supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.
In this case, when the heart stops functioning, a term used is:
A) Heart Attack
B) Pericardium
C) Endocardium
D) Myocardium
A) Heart Attack
Explanation: A heart attack (myocardial infarction) is a condition where blood flow to part of the heart is blocked, leading to heart tissue damage or death.
The right (BLANK) artery supplies the anterior surface of the (BLANK) conus.
A) Veinous, pulmonary
B) Systemic, aorta
C) Subclavical, aorta
D) Conus, pulmonary
D) Conus, pulmonary
Explanation: The right conus artery supplies the anterior portion of the pulmonary conus, which is part of the right ventricular outflow tract.
What are represented here?
A) Aortal infarction
B) Capillary infarction
C) Myocardial infarction
D) Microglia infarction
C) Myocardial infarction
Explanation: The image shows a blocked artery with clot formation and plaque buildup — the classic mechanism of a myocardial infarction (heart attack).
In angina pectoris, there is often pain on which side of the body?
A) Both
B) Right
C) Feet
D) Left
Correct Answer: D) Left
Explanation: Angina typically causes chest pain that radiates to the left arm, shoulder, neck, or jaw.
Which of these are the most common sites of coronary artery occlusion?
A) Anterior interventricular artery
B) All of these
C) Circumflex artery
D) Right coronary artery
B) All of these
Explanation: All three arteries listed—especially the left anterior descending (anterior interventricular)—are common sites of blockage leading to heart attacks.
Myocardial infarction usually occurs at (BLANK) whereas angina occurs on (BLANK).
A) Neither
B) Exertion, rest
C) Both
D) Rest, exertion
Correct Answer: D) Rest, exertion
Explanation: Myocardial infarction can occur suddenly at rest, while angina (especially stable angina) is typically triggered by physical exertion.
The cell on the right side of the image is a (BLANK).
A) Neutrophils
B) Neutrophil
C) Monocyte
D) Leucocytes
B) Neutrophil
Explanation: The cell shown has a multi-lobed nucleus and granules typical of a neutrophil. Singular form fits best in context.
These cells on the right side do not (BLANK).
A) Released into the blood for 3–12 hours
B) Make red blood cells
C) Divide
D) Formed in the bone marrow
C) Divide
Explanation: Mature neutrophils do not divide; they are terminally differentiated.
These cells can sense a site of infection because the (BLANK) will release a (BLANK).
A) Virus, tissue
B) Bacteria, chemical
C) Tissue, virus
D) Chemical, bacteria
B) Bacteria, chemical
Explanation: Bacteria release chemical signals that attract immune cells through chemotaxis.
These cells move from the blood into the infected tissue by (BLANK).
A) Both of these
B) Through special voltage-gated channels
C) Neither of these
D) They squeeze through the blood cell wall
D) They squeeze through the blood cell wall
Explanation: White blood cells migrate through endothelial gaps in a process called diapedesis.
These cells are moving (BLANK) the infection.
A) Towards
B) Above
C) Away
D) Below
A) Towards
Explanation: White blood cells follow chemical signals toward the site of infection.
These are (BLANK) that are full of digestive enzymes.
A) Phagocytes
B) Microcytes
C) Lysosomes
D) Cells
C) Lysosomes
Explanation: Lysosomes contain enzymes that digest engulfed pathogens inside phagocytes.
The process by which new blood cells are created is called (BLANK).
A) Hemolysis
B) Lyctosis
C) Hematopoiesis
D) Lysis
Correct Answer: C) Hematopoiesis
Explanation: Hematopoiesis is the formation of blood cells in the bone marrow.
Blood cells are made (BLANK).
A) From bone marrow
B) From other blood cells
C) In the heart
D) From DNA
A) From bone marrow
Explanation: Bone marrow is the primary site of blood cell production
- Neutrophil development takes approximately (BLANK) days.
A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) 20
C) 10
Explanation: It takes about 10 days for neutrophils to mature in the bone marrow before entering circulation.
The G-CSF protein is produced by our systems to indicate to the (BLANK) cells to then produce neutrophils.
A) Red blood
B) White blood
C) RNA
D) Stem
D) Stem
Explanation: G-CSF stimulates stem cells in the bone marrow to produce neutrophils.
