Lab 12 - Serological Testing Flashcards
(20 cards)
What does SARS-CoV-2 serology testing determine?
A) Has been infected with any virus
B) Is currently infected with this strain of coronavirus
C) Has been infected sometime in the past with this coronavirus
D) None of these
C) Has been infected sometime in the past with this coronavirus
Explanation: Serology testing detects antibodies, which are only produced after exposure to a virus. It shows if someone was previously infected, not if they’re currently infected.
Why is a serology test important?
A) Neither of these
B) Both of these
C) To determine who in the population has an immunity/previous exposure to the virus
D) To find good candidates for a vaccine
B) Both of these
Explanation: Serology tests help identify people with prior exposure and those who haven’t developed immunity, guiding vaccine prioritization and tracking virus spread.
Immunoglobulins are (BLANK) produced by the immune system.
A) Microglia
B) Cells
C) Antibodies
D) Membranes
C) Antibodies
Explanation: Immunoglobulins is another name for antibodies, which are proteins made by B-cells to bind and neutralize foreign invaders like viruses.
IgM are the body’s (BLANK) line of defense.
A) First
B) Fourth
C) Third
D) Second
A) First
Explanation: IgM antibodies are the first to appear after infection. They respond rapidly to new invaders but don’t stay in the body long.
IgG can last in the body for as long as (BLANK).
A) Hours
B) Days
C) Years
D) Minutes
C) Years
Explanation: IgG antibodies provide long-term immunity and can remain in your system for months to years, making them vital for memory immune response.
Many people who carry the virus are (BLANK), therefore we have to rely on clinical tests to gain a better understanding of the spread and immunity.
A) Symptomatic
B) Neither of these
C) Asymptomatic
D) Both of these
C) Asymptomatic
Explanation: People can carry and spread the virus without showing symptoms. This makes testing essential to detect infections and track the virus’s spread.
An (BLANK) recognizes an (BLANK) to fight it during an immune response.
A) Antibody, antigen
B) Antigen, antibody
C) Virus, membrane
D) Membrane, virus
A) Antibody, antigen
Explanation: During an immune response, antibodies (produced by B cells) specifically recognize and bind to antigens (foreign substances like viruses or bacteria) to neutralize them. This lock-and-key interaction is the foundation of how the immune system identifies threats.
Serological tests are:
A) Doesn’t require the organism to be isolated into pure culture
B) Highly specific
C) Both of these
D) Neither of these
C) Both of these
Explanation: Serological tests are highly specific (antibody-antigen match) and don’t require pure bacterial culture — they work even with cell suspensions.
In this particular case, is the unknown bacteria (UB) similar to A?
A) Yes
B) None of these
C) No way to tell
D) No
A) Yes
Explanation: If the antibody made against bacteria A reacts with unknown bacteria (UB), it indicates similar antigens, and therefore a biological similarity.
These serological tests are so specific that they can be used to determine the differences between species (not genera).
A) True
B) False
A) True
Explanation: Serological tests can differentiate between species due to precise antigen-antibody interactions. However, they usually can’t distinguish between broader groups like genera.
Blood makes up about (BLANK) of our body weight as humans.
A) 7–8%
B) 6–7%
C) 4–5%
D) 5–6%
A) 7–8%
Explanation: Blood makes up roughly 7–8% of a human’s body weight, which is around 5 liters for the average adult. This includes both red and white cells, plasma, and platelets.
When you donate blood, about how much blood are you donating?
A) 5 liters
B) 1 cup
C) 2 pints
D) 1 pint
D) 1 pint
Explanation: A standard blood donation equals 1 pint (~470 mL), which is about one-tenth of the blood in your body and is quickly replenished.
What can occur in this region of the aorta?
A) Microglia
B) It could rupture
C) Not much
D) It will likely shrink
B) It could rupture
Explanation: The image shows an abdominal aortic aneurysm, a ballooning of the artery wall that can rupture, causing life-threatening internal bleeding.
As long as blood is liquid, it moves and pulls towards (BLANK).
A) Gravity
B) Outside the body
C) Neither of these
D) Both of these
A) Gravity
Explanation: While blood can flow outside the body, gravity is the primary force directing its movement once it leaves the circulatory system.
If you have high cholesterol, you (BLANK) donate blood.
A) Should not
B) Can ✅
C) Likely cannot
D) Can never
B) Can
Explanation: Having high cholesterol does not disqualify you from donating blood, even if you’re taking medication for it.
Which of these four fluids is the most viscous?
A) Water
B) Corn syrup
C) Oil
D) Pancake syrup
B) Corn syrup
Explanation: Corn syrup has a higher viscosity than pancake syrup due to its dense sugar structure, making it the slowest flowing of the four.
This red blood cell, as indicated by the green arrow, is giving off (BLANK) and picking up (BLANK).
A) CO₂, O₂
B) None of these
C) O₂, CO₂
D) Water, CO₂
A) CO₂, O₂
Explanation: In the lungs, red blood cells release CO₂ and absorb O₂ via gas exchange in the alveoli.
Blood cells are produced in the (BLANK).
A) Lymphocytes
B) Renal artery
C) Leukocytes
D) Bone marrow
D) Bone marrow
Explanation: Bone marrow is the site of hematopoiesis, the process that produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Another term for platelets would be (BLANK).
A) Leukocytes
B) White blood cells
C) Thrombocytes
D) Red blood cells
C) Thrombocytes
Explanation: Thrombocytes is the scientific term for platelets, which are cell fragments essential for blood clotting.
Which of these two vials are from an anemic patient?
A) a
B) b
C) Neither a or b
D) Both a & b
A) a
Explanation: Vial a has a low red blood cell layer (hematocrit), indicating anemia, while Vial b shows normal or elevated RBC volume.
