Lab 13 - Cranial Cavity Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is the name of the structure as indicated by the arrow?
A) Sternum
B) Brain
C) Calvarium
D) Spine
C) Calvarium
Explanation: The calvarium, or skullcap, is the upper part of the cranium that encloses the brain. In the image, it has been cut and lifted to expose the cranial cavity.
There is still plenty of (BLANK) here that is adhered to the skull.
A) Skin
B) Fat
C) Dura
D) Pituitary
C) Dura
Explanation: The dura mater is a tough membrane that often remains adhered to the calvarium when the skull is opened. It is the outermost meningeal layer protecting the brain.
What is the name of this structure?
A) Renal artery
B) Cranium artery
C) Cranium vein
D) Middle meningeal artery
D) Middle meningeal artery
Explanation: The middle meningeal artery leaves grooves on the inner surface of the skull. It supplies the dura mater and is vulnerable to injury, especially in trauma.
What is the name of the structure being shown by the arrow?
A) Middle meningeal artery
B) Dura
C) Clavicle
D) Spine
B) Dura
Explanation: The dura mater is being peeled back from the brain. It is the thick, protective outer layer of the meninges.
What is the name of this region as indicated by the arrow?
A) Integral proteins
B) Inferior sagittal sinus
C) Superior sagittal sinus
D) Calvarium
C) Superior sagittal sinus
Explanation: The superior sagittal sinus is a large venous channel running along the midline, within the dura mater. It drains blood from the brain.
What is the name of the structures indicated here by the arrow?
A) 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum
B) Calvarium
C) 8 hemispheres of the cerebrum
D) 4 hemispheres of the cerebrum
A) 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum
Explanation: The cerebrum is divided into left and right hemispheres, responsible for higher-order brain functions.
What is the purpose of a septum along this ridge?
A) To allow for more movement
B) To allow for less movement
C) To allow for more proteins to be built
D) To create more space
B) To allow for less movement
Explanation: The falx cerebri, a dural septum, helps restrict brain movement within the skull, especially during sudden acceleration or deceleration
What are these structures?
A) Cerebral nerves
B) Cerebral dura
C) Cerebral veins
D) Cerebral arteries
C) Cerebral veins
Explanation: The thin, dark branching vessels on the brain surface are cerebral veins, which drain blood into venous sinuses.
What is the name of this region as indicated by the arrow?
A) Medulla oblongata
B) Occipital lobe
C) Pons
D) Midbrain
B) Occipital lobe
Explanation: The occipital lobe is located at the back of the cerebrum and is primarily responsible for processing visual information. The arrow is pointing to this posterior portion of the brain.
What is the name of the structure as indicated by the arrow?
A) Pons
B) Dura
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Tentorium
D) Tentorium
Explanation: The tentorium cerebelli is a fold of dura mater that separates the cerebellum from the inferior portion of the occipital lobes. It acts as a supportive septum within the cranial cavity.
What is the name of this structure that covers the spine as shown by the arrow?
A) Dura
B) Clavicle
C) Integral proteins
D) Pectoralis major
A) Dura
Explanation: The dura mater is the tough, outermost protective covering of the spinal cord and brain, part of the meninges.
What is the name of the structure as indicated by the arrow?
A) Spine
B) Vertebral vein
C) Vertebral artery
D) Meninges
C) Vertebral artery
Explanation: The vertebral artery runs along the spinal column and enters the skull through the foramen magnum to supply blood to the posterior brain.
What is this region being shown by the arrows?
A) Integral proteins
B) Cerebral arteries
C) Spine
D) Dorsal roots
D) Dorsal roots
Explanation: Dorsal roots are part of the spinal nerves that carry sensory information into the spinal cord from the body.
What is the name of the structure as indicated by the arrow?
A) Vertebral vein
B) Jugular
C) Vertebral nerve
D) Vertebral artery
D) Vertebral artery
Explanation: The vertebral artery is a thick vessel located near the spinal cord that helps deliver blood to the brainstem and posterior cerebrum.
The answer to question 4 gives blood supply to the (BLANK).
A) Brain
B) Heart
C) Arms
D) Spine
A) Brain
Explanation: The vertebral artery supplies blood to the brain, particularly the brainstem, cerebellum, and posterior cerebral hemispheres.
What is the name of this NERVE as indicated by the arrow?
A) Cranial nerve X (10)
B) Cranial nerve XII (12)
C) Cranial nerve XI (11)
D) Cranial nerve IX (9)
C) Cranial nerve XI (11)
Explanation: Cranial nerve XI, the accessory nerve, exits from the spinal cord and ascends into the skull before innervating the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles.
What is the name of this region as indicated by the arrow?
A) Medulla oblongata
B) Pons
C) Stem of the spinal cord
D) Cerebellum
C) Stem of the spinal cord
Explanation: The arrow points to the stem of the spinal cord, which is the continuation of the central nervous system below the medulla oblongata. It carries motor and sensory signals between the brain and the rest of the body and is part of the central nervous system’s main communication pathway.
The arrow is pointing to a large (BLANK) artery.
A) Jugular
B) Renal
C) Midbrain
D) Vertebral
D) Vertebral
Explanation: The vertebral artery is a large artery near the brainstem that ascends through the neck and supplies blood to the brain.
What is the name of the structure as indicated by the arrow?
A) Frontal lobe
B) Trochlear nerve
C) Jugular
D) Brain stem
B) Trochlear nerve
Explanation: The trochlear nerve (cranial nerve IV) is the only cranial nerve that exits from the dorsal brainstem and controls the superior oblique eye muscle.
What is the name of the structure as indicated by the arrow?
A) Cerebellum
B) Cerebral arteries
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Cerebrum
A) Cerebellum
Explanation: The cerebellum, located beneath the occipital lobes at the back of the brain, helps coordinate voluntary movement and maintain balance and posture.
