Lab 5 - Cardiovascular Dynamics Flashcards
(20 cards)
Cardiac output is the amount of (BLANK) pumped out by each (BLANK) per minute.
A) Water, ventricle
B) Water, atrium
C) Blood, ventricle
D) Blood, atrium
C) Blood, ventricle
Explanation: Cardiac output measures how much blood is pumped by each ventricle of the heart every minute.
Cardiac output is directly related to (BLANK) rate and (BLANK) volume.
A) Heart, atrium
B) Rapid, ventricle
C) Stroke, heart
D) Heart, stroke
D) Heart, stroke
Explanation: Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying heart rate by stroke volume.
Heart rate for a human averages (BLANK) beats per minute.
A) 65
B) 85
C) 55
D) 75
D) 75
Explanation: The average resting heart rate for a healthy adult is approximately 75 beats per minute.
For the average human, stroke volume for both ventricles is (BLANK) ml per beat during rest.
A) 280
B) 70
C) 140
D) 100
B) 70
Explanation: Stroke volume, the amount of blood pumped by a ventricle per beat, is about 70 mL at rest in a typical adult.
EDV stands for:
A) End Distal Volume
B) End Diastolic Ventricle
C) End Distal Ventricle
D) End Diastolic Volume
D) End Diastolic Volume
Explanation: EDV refers to the volume of blood in a ventricle at the end of diastole, just before contraction.
The more (BLANK) muscle stretches, the more (BLANK) it contracts.
A) Skeletal, forcefully
B) Cardiac, non-forcefully
C) Cardiac, forcefully
D) Skeletal, non-forcefully
C) Cardiac, forcefully
Explanation: According to the Frank-Starling law, increased stretch of cardiac muscle leads to a stronger contraction.
Increased (BLANK) stimulation (BLANK) heart rate.
A) Sympathetic, decreases
B) Venous, increases
C) Venous, decreases
D) Sympathetic, increases
D) Sympathetic, increases
Explanation: The sympathetic nervous system raises heart rate by increasing the firing of the sinoatrial node.
Exercise activates the (BLANK) nervous system, (BLANK) heart rate.
A) Sympathetic, decreasing
B) Parasympathetic, decreasing
C) Sympathetic, increasing
D) Parasympathetic, increasing
C) Sympathetic, increasing
Explanation: During exercise, the sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate to meet higher oxygen demands.
What are the effects of acetylcholine on the frog’s heart rate?
A) No change
B) Slows it down
C) The heart stops
D) Speeds it up
B) Slows it down
Explanation: Acetylcholine activates the parasympathetic nervous system, which decreases heart rate.
Cardiac output = Heart rate x (BLANK).
A) Stroke rate
B) Cardiac rate
C) Cardiac volume
D) Stroke volume
D) Stroke volume
Explanation: Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped per beat; multiplying it by heart rate gives cardiac output.
The heart is really just a (BLANK).
A) Pump
B) Metabolizer
C) Neither of these
D) Both of these
A) Pump
Explanation: The heart’s primary function is to act as a pump, moving blood throughout the body to deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues and remove waste products. While the heart does engage in metabolism like all organs, its defining role is as a muscular pump.
According to this video, what is the main “concern” of the heart?
A) Circulating minerals
B) Circulating vitamins
C) Maintaining pressure
D) Pumping blood
C) Maintaining pressure
Explanation: While the heart does pump blood, the main concern emphasized in the referenced video (Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology) is maintaining pressure. This pressure ensures that blood flows properly through the circulatory system, delivering oxygen and nutrients where needed.
About how many beats per day does the heart pump?
A) 10,000
B) 50,000
C) 1,000,000
D) 100,000
D) 100,000
Explanation: On average, the human heart beats about 100,000 times per day. This is based on an average heart rate of around 70 beats per minute, multiplied by 60 minutes per hour and 24 hours per day.
Most mammals have about the same amount of heartbeats in a lifetime.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Explanation: While heart rates and lifespans vary across mammal species, most mammals tend to have roughly 1 to 1.5 billion heartbeats in a lifetime. Smaller mammals have faster heart rates and shorter lives, while larger mammals have slower heart rates and longer lives, balancing out the total number of lifetime heartbeats
The heart rests in a double-walled sac called the (BLANK).
A) Atrium
B) Microglia
C) Ventricle
D) Pericardium
D) Pericardium
\Explanation: The pericardium is a double-walled sac that encloses the heart, providing protection and reducing friction as the heart beats. It consists of an outer fibrous layer and an inner serous layer
What is the most inner layer (number 3) called?
A) Epicardium
B) Myocardium
C) Endocardium
D) None of these
C) Endocardium
Explanation: The endocardium is the innermost layer of the heart wall. It lines the interior of the heart chambers and valves, providing a smooth surface to reduce resistance to blood flow.
The two arrows in the image are pointing to the upper chambers of the heart.
A) Ventricles
B) Atria
C) All of these
D) Septa
B) Atria
Explanation: The atria are the two upper chambers of the heart (left and right atrium). They receive blood returning to the heart — the right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body, and the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
What is the “lub dub” that you hear when listening to someone’s heart?
A) Valves opening and closing
B) Ventricles
C) Atria
D) None of these
A) Valves opening and closing
Explanation: The “lub dub” sound is caused by the closing of the heart valves. The “lub” is the sound of the atrioventricular (AV) valves closing, and the “dub” is the sound of the semilunar valves closing. These sounds mark the beginning and end of the heart’s contraction cycle.
The arrow in the image is pointing to the Aortic Semilunar Valve.
A) Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
B) Right artery
C) Left ventricle
D) Aortic Semilunar Valve
D) Aortic Semilunar Valve
Explanation: This valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta. It prevents blood from flowing back into the heart once it’s been pumped out to the body. The position and structure in the image match the typical location of the aortic semilunar valve.
The arrow in the image is pointing to the Superior Vena Cava.
A) Inferior Vena Cava
B) Superior Vena Cava
C) Aorta
D) Supraorbital nerve
B) Superior Vena Cava
Explanation: The superior vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body (head, neck, arms) into the right atrium of the heart. It is positioned above the heart and is shown here in blue, consistent with veins in anatomical diagrams.
