Lab 9 - Renal System Flashcards
(20 cards)
About how much time does it take for your kidneys to filter all of the blood in your system?
A) 3 hours
B) 3 minutes
C) 5 minutes
D) 1 minute
C) 5 minutes
Explanation: The kidneys receive about 1.1 liters of blood per minute. With a total blood volume of approximately 5 liters, it takes around 5 minutes for all the blood to be filtered through the kidneys.
What product exits here at the junction of the arrow and this portion of the kidney?
A) Oxygenated blood
B) Urine
C) Deoxygenated blood
D) None of these
B) Urine
Explanation: The arrow points to the ureter, the tube that carries urine away from the kidney to the bladder. This is where urine exits the kidney after being processed.
The (BLANK) is the location whereby (BLANK_ enters the kidney.
A) Renal cortex, water
B) Renal artery, blood
C) Renal medulla, blood
D) Renal cortex, blood
B) Renal artery, blood
Explanation: The renal artery (in red) brings oxygenated blood into the kidney for filtration. It enters at the renal hilum and branches throughout the kidney.
What is the main purpose of the kidney?
A) Filter
B) Neither of these
C) Both of these
D) Collect
C) Both of these
Explanation: The kidneys filter the blood to remove waste and collect the waste products as urine. Both functions are essential to maintain internal balance (homeostasis).
To which structure are these arrows pointing?
A) Renal artery
B) Renal cortex
C) Renal vein
D) Renal medulla
D) Renal medulla
Explanation: The arrows point to the darker, inner portions of the kidney known as the renal medulla. This region contains the renal pyramids and plays a key role in concentrating urine.
This area, the (BLANK), is the first point that (BLANK) will be present.
A) Renal cortex, urine
B) Renal calyx, urine
C) Renal calyx, blood
D) Renal cortex, blood
B) Renal calyx, urine
Explanation: The renal calyx collects urine from the renal pyramids. It is the first location in the kidney where true urine is present after filtration and reabsorption.
What is the name of this tube?
A) Ureter
B) Renal artery
C) Renal vein
D) Renal cortex
A) Ureter
Explanation: The ureter is the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. It exits the kidney from the renal hilum.
What is the name for this area here indicated by the circle?
A) Renal artery
B) Renal cortex
C) Renal hilum
D) Renal vein
C) Renal hilum
Explanation: The renal hilum is the central entry/exit point of the kidney. It is where the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter all connect.
In biology, another name for “status quo” is:
A) Homeostasis
B) Homeoenviro
C) Heteroviro
D) Heterostasis
A) Homeostasis
Explanation: Homeostasis refers to the stable internal conditions maintained by living organisms, such as temperature, pH, and fluid balance. Kidneys help maintain homeostasis by filtering and balancing substances in the blood.
If one consumes too much (BLANK), one is likely to have higher (BLANK).
A) Salt, blood pressure
B) Carbohydrates, blood osmoregularity
C) Lipids, blood pressure
D) Sugar, blood osmoregularity
A) Salt, blood pressure
Explanation: Excess salt increases sodium levels in the blood, which causes the body to retain water. This raises blood volume and leads to higher blood pressure. The kidneys regulate salt to help maintain healthy blood pressure.
Yes, the kidneys filter, but what else do they do?
A) Maintain blood pH
B) Maintain blood volume
C) Maintain blood pressure
D) All of these
D) All of these
Explanation: In addition to filtering blood, the kidneys help regulate blood pH, control blood volume, and manage blood pressure through hormone release and water balance. They are essential for overall homeostasis.
In general, how often does one visit this machine if they need kidney dialysis?
A) 1 time a month
B) 2 times a week
C) 3 times a week
D) Every day
C) 3 times a week
Explanation: Most patients on hemodialysis need treatment about 3 times per week, with each session lasting 4–5 hours. This mimics the continuous filtration that healthy kidneys perform 24/7.
What is the name of this structure?
A) Renal artery
B) Bladder
C) Ureter
D) Renal vein
B) Bladder
Explanation: The bladder is a muscular sac that stores urine transported from the kidneys via the ureters until it is expelled from the body through the urethra.
What is the name of this structure as indicated by the arrow?
A) Renal medulla
B) Renal hilum
C) Renal artery
D) Renal cortex
D) Renal cortex
Explanation: The renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney where glomeruli and convoluted tubules are located — the starting point of the filtration process.
Where is the unit on the left located within the kidney?
A) A
B) B
C) A & B
D) Neither A nor B
A) A
Explanation: The nephron is primarily located in the renal cortex (A) and extends into the renal medulla, but since B is the renal hilum, which is not where the nephron resides, the correct answer is A only.
To what structure is this arrow pointing?
A) Efferent arterioles
B) Bowman’s capsule
C) Glomerular capillaries
D) Afferent arterioles
C) Glomerular capillaries
Explanation: These capillaries form a dense bed of blood vessels inside the renal corpuscle and are the main site of filtration, where blood plasma is forced into the nephron.
What is occurring here at the arrows?
A) Secretion
B) Absorption
C) Both of these
D) Neither of these
C) Both of these
Explanation: These regions are where reabsorption (returning water and nutrients to the blood) and secretion (adding wastes into the nephron) occur between the nephron tubule and surrounding capillaries.
What is the name of this structure here as shown by the arrow?
A) Renal medulla
B) Renal corpuscle
C) Renal artery
D) Renal vein
B) Renal corpuscle
Explanation: The renal corpuscle includes the Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus, where blood is filtered to form the initial filtrate that enters the nephron.
What is occurring in the direction of this PURPLE arrow?
A) Decreasing salt levels
B) Increasing salt levels
C) Decreasing lipid levels
D) Increasing lipid levels
B) Increasing salt levels
Explanation: As the filtrate descends into the renal medulla, the surrounding environment becomes increasingly salty, helping the kidney draw water out and concentrate the urine.
Where is this “Loop of Henle” located?
A) Renal medulla
B) Renal vein
C) Renal artery
D) Renal cortex
A) Renal medulla
Explanation: The Loop of Henle extends down into the renal medulla, where it plays a critical role in setting up a salt gradient to conserve water and concentrate urine.
