Lab 12 female and male anatomy part 2

Question 1

Name two key functions of the ovaries

Answer 1

Produce oocytes and produce ovarian hormones (e.g progesterone and estrogen)

Question 2

Name the three sections of the uterine tube:

Answer 2

1. Isthmus
2. Ampulla
3. Infundibulum

Question 3

What is the name of the thick muscular layer of the uterus? What is its function?

Answer 3

Myometrium - muscular contraction during childbirth

Question 4

What is the innermost layer of the uterus called? What is its function?

Answer 4

Endometrium - site of embryo implantation

Question 5

structure:
Endometrium

Answer 5

function:
Layer of the uterus that is built up and shed each month during
menstruation

Question 6

structure:
Cervix

Answer 6

function:
The birth canal

Question 7

structure:
Fimbriae

Answer 7

function:
Structures on the end of the uterine tube that pick up ovulated
oocytes

Question 8

structure:
Cervix

Answer 8

function:
Ring-like structure that sits between the vagina and body of the
uterus

Question 9

structure:
Vagina

Answer 9

function:
Where sperm is deposited during insemination

Question 10

structure:
Uterine tube

Answer 10

function:
Location of where sperm and oocyte meet

Question 11

structure:
Myometrium

Answer 11

function:
Thick, muscular layer of the uterus

Question 12

what is Gametogenesis in females?

Answer 12

Gametogenesis in females is the formation of oocytes(eggs) in the ovary.
This process is called oogenesis.

Question 13

What type of cell division is used to produce haploid oocytes? How many cycles of cell division occur to
produce these cells?

Answer 13

Meiosis - 2 asymmetric divisions

Question 14

The cells that undergo meiotic division to form oocytes are called oogonia.
How many chromosomes do these cells have? How many oocytes are produced from one oogonium? Is
anything else produced during this process?

Answer 14

46 chromosones. Only one oocyte because cell division is asymmetrical - 3 smaller polar bodies are formed

Question 15

What event needs to occur for oogenesis to complete?

Answer 15

fertilisation

Question 16

what is happening at the ovarian cycle and the uterine/menstrual cycle, and what are their function within the Female Reproductive Hormones?

Answer 16

The ovarian cycle refers to events happening within the ovary, while the uterine or menstrual cycle refers to events
happening within the uterus. These cycles must work in sync for normal reproductive function.

Question 17

Name the two phases of the Ovarian cycle.

Answer 17

Follicular, Luteal

Question 18

what is the Ovarian cycle

Answer 18

period

Question 19

Name the two phases of the Menstrual cycle.

Answer 19

Proliferative, secretory

Question 20

Which ovarian hormone increases during the Follicular and Proliferative phases?

Answer 20

Estrogen

Question 21

Which structure in the ovary is estrogen secreted from?

Answer 21

Ovarian follicle

Question 22

Which hormone increases during the Luteal and Secretory phases?

Answer 22

Progesterone (and some estrogen)

Question 23

Which structure in the ovary is the progesterone hormone secreted from?

Answer 23

Corpus luteum

Question 24

What happens when the progesterone hormone level decreases?

Answer 24

GnRH secretion starts up again, leading LH and FSH secretion which starts a new ovarian cycle.

Question 25

how does the process of fertillization occur

Answer 25

The process of fertilization involves the fusion of a Sperm from the male and an oocyte from the female. This results in the formation of a Zygote which has 46 chromosomes.

Question 26

What type of cell division does the zygote undergo to form more and more cells?

Answer 26

Mitosis - only germ cells do meiosis

Question 27

As the embryo develops, so does the placenta. What is the function of the placenta?

Answer 27

Provide nutrients and gas exchange to the embryo then fetus.

Question 28

what is the embryo

Answer 28

it is an unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development

Question 29

During formation of the embryo, three germ layers are produced. What term describes the formation of these three layers?

Answer 29

Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Question 30

Name each embryonic germ layer and state TWO examples of organs/tissues that each layer develops into:

Answer 30

1. Ectoderm - skin and nervous tissue 2. Endoderm - respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts 3. Mesoderm - Muscles, bones, heart, kidney

Question 31

what are three organ systems that would be affected by pregnancy and outline below how they would be affected:

Answer 31

- Intestines - pushed superiorly (upwards), will also move liver and stomach up into diaphragm - Lungs - reduced space for breathing - Bladder - reduced space for expansion

Question 32

During pregnancy, some joints become very lax. What effects would this have on exercise?

Answer 32

Increased risk of injury

Question 33

During labour, which layer of the uterus contracts to push the fetus out?

Answer 33

Myometrium

Question 34

Which structure of the uterus dilates to allow childbirth?

Answer 34

Cervix

Question 35

What are three key features about the female pelvis, compared to the male pelvis, that allow childbirth to occur?

Answer 35

1. Wider inlet/outlet 2. Coccyx points inferiorly 3. Relaxin causes flexibility in the pubic symphasis

Question 36

Ovarian cycle: follicular phase what is and when does it end

Answer 36

FSH from the pituitary gland stimulates follicle growth. LH from the pitutary gland estrogen production the phase ends when the largest follicle ovulates (starts dropping)

Question 37

Ovarian cycle: what is the luteal phase and when does it end

Answer 37

it is the phase where the LH hormone drops, and it can only last for 14 days if pregnancy does not occur