Lab manual 3

Question 1

what type of bone is the scapula

Answer 1

flat bone

Question 2

what is attached to the costal surface of the scapula

Answer 2

subscapularis muscle

Question 3

Which way is the glenoid fossa facing, and what is the functional significance of this?

Answer 3

Laterally. Provides articulation for the humerus, with a wide range of movements
available

Question 4

Why can you palpate the clavicle so easily?

Answer 4

It is a superficial bone, with not much soft tissue covering it

Question 5

What bones does the clavicle articulate with medially and laterally?

Answer 5

Medially - sternum
Laterally - scapula (at the acromion)

Question 6

On what aspect of the humerus is the deltoid tuberosity located, and what is its purpose?

Answer 6

Lateral, distal attachment site of the deltoid muscle

Question 7

What bony feature of the humerus articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula to
create the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint?

Answer 7

head

Question 8

How would you relate the morphology of the humerus head to the range of movement
available at the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint?

Answer 8

ball and socket joint, multiaxial, wide range of movement - F&E, Ab & Ad, Rot

Question 9

What attaches to the epicondyles of the humerus?

Answer 9

Soft tissues i.e. tendons

Question 10

What does the radial notch of the ulna articulate with?

Answer 10

Head of the radius

Question 11

What is the purpose of the radial tuberosity?

Answer 11

Insertion site for biceps brachii

Question 12

Which bone(s) articulates with the distal end of the radius?

Answer 12

Distal end of ulna (distal radioulnar joint)
Proximal row of carpal bones (radiocarpal - wrist joint)

Question 13

What is the structure that links the adjacent borders of the radius and ulna along most of
its length? What sort of tissue is it comprised of?

Answer 13

Interosseous membrane, made of dense fibrous connective tissue

Question 14

Are all of the carpal bones in the proximal row involved in the articulation of the wrist
(radiocarpal) joint?

Answer 14

No only the scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum. Pisiform doesn’t articulate with the radius.

Question 15

What bones do the distal carpal bones articulate with?

Answer 15

Proximally: Proximal row of carpal bones
Distally: Bases of the metacarpals

Question 16

What bones articulate with the heads of the metacarpals?

Answer 16

Bases of the proximal phalanges

Question 17

How many phalanges are there in each hand?

Answer 17

3 in each finger, plus two in the thumb (3x4 = 12, plus 2 = 2 14)

Question 18

What TWO joints do the proximal phalanges contribute to in the finger?

Answer 18

Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP)

Question 19

Which bones articulate at the sternoclavicular (SC) joint?

Answer 19

Sternum and clavicle

Question 20

What type of joint is the SC joint, and what movements does it allow?

Answer 20

Plane synovial joint, sliding and gliding

Question 21

Which bones (and bony processes) articulate at the acromioclavicular (AC) joint, and what
is the function of this joint?

Answer 21

Acromion of scapula and clavicle, stabilises the scapula and the UL

Question 22

What would be the functional effect of the dislocation of this joint?

Answer 22

Unstable UL, and pain

Question 23

What type of joint is the AC joint, and what movements does it allow?

Answer 23

plane synovial, sliding and gliding

Question 24

Which bones articulate to form the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 24

Scapula (glenoid fossa) and humerus (head)

Question 25

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint, and what movements does it allow?

Answer 25

Ball and socket synovial joint. Allows all movements = multiaxial. F&E, Ab&Ad, Rot

Question 26

How are the bones of the glenohumeral joint stabilised given the poor bony congruence between them?

Answer 26

Surrounding soft tissues = rotator cuff muscles, joint capsule, thickened ligaments of the joint capsule, fibrocartilaginous ring called the glenoid labrum

Question 27

In which direction is the glenohumeral joint most vulnerable to dislocation and why?

Answer 27

Anterior/inferior. Thinnest part of the joint capsule, and other surrounding soft tissues

Question 28

What bones contribute to each of these joints: Humeroulnar joint Humeroradial joint

Answer 28

Humeroulnar = humerus and ulna Humeroradial = humerus and radius

Question 29

What type of joints are the humeroulnar and humeroradial joints, and what movements do they allow?

Answer 29

Act together as a Hinge synovial. Flexion and extension.

Question 30

Name the TWO collateral ligaments of the elbow joint complex and label them Figure 8 (above)

Answer 30

Medial (ulnar) and lateral (radial) collateral ligaments.

Question 31

What movements do the collateral ligaments of the elbow joint restrict?

Answer 31

Restrict movement in the coronal plane - so restrict abduction and adduction