Lab 4 - Reproductive system Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lab 4 - Reproductive system Deck (27)
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1
Q

Head of epididymis

A
  • fluid absorbed, concentrates the sperm

- sperm stimulate to move their tails and become motile

2
Q

major site of sperm storage

A

vas deferens

3
Q

ejaculatory duct

A

sperm + seminal vesicle fluid travel from the seminal vesicle to the prostatic urethra

4
Q

where does fertilisation occur?

A

ampulla of the uterine (fallopian) tube

5
Q

looking at a section of a testis, under a light microscope, would you be more likely to see primary or secondary spermatocytes and why?

A

likely to be PRIMARY because secondary have a very short lifespan

6
Q

spermatogonia are _____ cells and are considered ____-_____.

A

spermatogonia are stem cells and are considered non-self.

7
Q

how does the menstrual cycle work in a normal female?

A

increased FSH
FSH stimulation leads to increased follicular growth
this leads to increased oestrogen
oestrogen threshold reached
switch from -ve to +ve feedback at the pituitary
surge of LH
ovulation
corpus luteum releases progesterone until it regresses

8
Q

what happens to the females reproductive system when implantation does not occur?

A

progesterone and oestrogen levels drop and the endometrial lining is lost

9
Q

what happens to the females reproductive system when implantation occurs?

A

developing offspring secretes human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCg) which prevents the corpus luteum from disintegrating and stimulates release of progesterone and oestrogen.

10
Q

what happens to hormone levels when fertilisation occurs?

A

oestrogen and progesterone levels continue to rise

11
Q

what factors could contribute to a female having very low hormone levels?

A
  • no enough fat to produce steroid hormones
  • anorexia
  • no ovaries
  • pre-pubescent
  • post-menopause
  • pituitary tumour affecting HPG
  • FEMALE ATHLETE TRIAD SYNDROME
12
Q

what happens to hormone levels during menopause?

A

low oestrogen and progesterone leads to less negative feedback on the pituitary and FSH and LH levels will rise as a result

13
Q

features exclusive to the primordial follicle?

A
  • NO ZONA PELLUCIDA

- surrounded by squamous “follicular” cells

14
Q

how can you tell a primary follicle apart from a primordial follicle?

A

a primary follicle will have ZONA PELLUCIDA and also CUBOIDAL GRANULOSA CELLS

15
Q

When the follicle develops the ______ it is called a secondary follicle

A

When the follicle develops the antrum it is called a secondary follicle

16
Q

what is different between the oocyte in the secondary follicle and the Graafian follicle?

A

secondary oocyte in the mature, graafian follicle

17
Q

which structure is exclusive to the Graafian follicle?

A

Cumulus oophorus

18
Q

another name for primary follicle

A

pre-antral follicle

19
Q

theca cells

A

condensation of stromal cells

20
Q

zona pellucida

A

translucent, acellular layer of glycoproteins, which is secreted by the oocyte

21
Q

how do simple pregnancy tests work?

A

presence of hCG in urine

22
Q

what are the names of the hormone producing cells on the testes and ovaries? what hormones?

A
  • in males, leydig cells produce testosterone

- in females, granulose cells produce oestrogen

23
Q

male condom is a ________ method of contraception

A

male condom is a barrier method of contraception

24
Q

surgical methods of contraception in man and woman

A
  • vasectomy in males, where the vas deferens is cut and tied

- tubal ligation in females, where the fallopian tubes are tied

25
Q

what is the female condom called and how does it work?

A

called a diaphragm and is placed at the top of the vagina, covering the cervix. Barrier method.

26
Q

hormones in “the pill” and what they do

A
  • progesterone - increases mucus to stop sperm

- oestrogen - negative feedback to the anterior pituitary = no FSH/LH

27
Q

intrauterine device

A
  • placed inside the uterus
  • chemical method of contraception - contains COPPER
  • toxic to sperm (makes them immotile)
  • foreign structure - WBC cause inflammation = hostile to egg and sperm