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Anatomy II > Lab Exam 2 > Flashcards

Lab Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

plasma

A

clear extracellular fluid
-90% water

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2
Q

albumin

A

major contributor to osmolarity
buffers blood pH

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3
Q

globulins

A

transport and immunity

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4
Q

fibrinogen

A

clotting

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5
Q

platelets

A

important for clotting
fragments of cells

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6
Q

RBCs

A

filled w/ hemoglobin for gas transport
major contributor to viscosity
no nuclei

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7
Q

WBCs

A

important for immunity

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8
Q

Granulocytes ‘the phils’

A

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

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9
Q

neutrophils

A

increase during bacterial infections
S or C shaped
usually have 2 nuclei

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10
Q

eosinophils

A

increase during parasitic infections or allergies
resemble a music symbol w/ pink polka dots

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11
Q

basophils

A

increase during chicken pox, diabetes
looks like pink and purple polka dots

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12
Q

agranulocytes

A

lymphocytes
monocytes

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13
Q

monocytes

A

increase during viral infections and inflammation
resemble a giant curved blob

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14
Q

lymphocytes

A

increase during diverse infections and immune responses
resemble a giant purple dot

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15
Q

_________ is the surface membrane molecule that causes an immune reaction.

A

antigens on RBCs

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16
Q

What is the normal value for hematocrit for men?

A

42-52%

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17
Q

What is the normal value for hematocrit for women?

A

37-48%

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18
Q

A person with type B blood has ______ antigens and ______ antibodies.

A

B, anti-A

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19
Q

_______ is the most abundant WBC and _____ is the least.

A

Neutrophil, basophil

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20
Q

_________ increase during bacterial infections and ______ increase during parasitic infections.

A

Neutrophils, eosinophils

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21
Q

What are the 3 types of formed elements in the blood?

A

RBCS, WBCS, platelets

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22
Q

An increase in the number of RBCs is _______ and a decrease is _______

A

polycythemia, anemia

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23
Q

________ is the number of erythrocytes found per cubic mm of blood

A

RBC count

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24
Q

________ is an increase in the number of circulating leukocytes

A

leukocytosis

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25
Q

________ is the most common plasma protein

A

albumin

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26
Q

During a blood transfusion it is important to insure that the _______ in the plasma of the recipient doesn’t react w/ the _____ on the RBCs of the donor.
If an incorrect match is made the donors blood will ________

A

antibody, antigen agglutinate

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27
Q

_________ is the universal donor and ______ is the universal acceptor of blood types.

A

O, AB

28
Q

In the Rh blood group, hemolytic disease of the newborn can only occur if the mother is _______ and the baby is ______

A

negative, positive

29
Q

____________ is inadequate oxygen transport and can be sensed by the ____________ , which releases __________ that causes the production of RBCs by the _________

A

hypoxia, kidneys and liver, erythropoetin, red bone marrow

30
Q

erythropoeisis

A

RBC production

31
Q

reticulocytes

A

immature RBCS

32
Q

megakaryocytes

A

located in red bone marrow and form platelets

33
Q

hematocrit

A

percent of total volume that is RBCs

34
Q

sickle cell

A

hereditary defect found primarily in African americans
low oxygen causes RBCs to form a sickle shape and causes agglutination

35
Q

leukemia

A

cancer of the WBCs

36
Q

superior vena cava

A

vein that drains the upper body

37
Q

inferior vena cava

A

vein that dreins everything below the diaphragm

38
Q

right atrium

A

receive blood from the superior and inferior vena cava

39
Q

left atrium

A

receives blood from pulmonary veins

40
Q

right ventricles

A

pumps blood to the lungs and back to the left atrium

41
Q

left ventricles

A

pumps blood to the entire body excluding lungs

42
Q

left AV/bicuspid/mitral valve

A

on the left side of the body
prevents backflow into the atria
has 2 cusps
transports blood from left atrium to left ventricle

43
Q

right AV/tricuspid valve

A

has 3 cusps
transports blood from right atrium to right ventricle

44
Q

pulmonary valve/semilunar

A

control flow into great arteries and prevent backflow into ventricles
transports blood from right ventricle to pulmonary trunk

45
Q

aortic valve

A

left ventricle into aorta

46
Q

tendinous chords

A

anchor the AV valves

47
Q

papillary muscles

A

prevent leakage through the AV valves

48
Q

visceral layer of serous pericardium

A

epicardium

49
Q

parietal layer of serous pericardium

A

outer layer

50
Q

serous pericardium

A

thin transparent inner layer of pericardial sac

51
Q

myocardium

A

middle layer of heart wall
controls heart contractions

52
Q

endocardium

A

lines inner chambers of the heart

53
Q

Heart Conduction System

A
  1. Pacemaker or SA node
  2. Atriums
  3. AV node
  4. AV bundle
  5. apex
  6. Purkinje fibers
54
Q

P wave

A

atrial depolarization

55
Q

QRS complex

A

ventricular depolarization

56
Q

T wave

A

ventricle repolarization

57
Q

carotid body and aortic body

A

monitor blood pressure

58
Q

facial artery

A

muscles of the skin and face

59
Q

maxillary a.

A

jaw, teeth

60
Q

What five arteries make up the circle of willis?

A

-vertebral a.
-basilar a.
-posterior communicating a.
-internal carotid a.
-anterior communicating a.

61
Q

splenic a.

A

target area is spleen

62
Q

common hepatic artery

A

liver and gallbladder

63
Q

left gastric a.

A

target area is stomach

64
Q

superior mesenteric a.

A

targets the intestines

65
Q

inferior mesenteric a.

A

targets the colon

66
Q

illiac arteries

A

legs, pelvis,

67
Q

obturator artery

A

pelvic muscle

Anatomy II (17 decks)

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