Lab Exam 2

Question 1

plasma

Answer 1

clear extracellular fluid
-90% water

Question 2

albumin

Answer 2

major contributor to osmolarity
buffers blood pH

Question 3

globulins

Answer 3

transport and immunity

Question 4

fibrinogen

Answer 4

clotting

Question 5

platelets

Answer 5

important for clotting
fragments of cells

Question 6

RBCs

Answer 6

filled w/ hemoglobin for gas transport
major contributor to viscosity
no nuclei

Question 7

WBCs

Answer 7

important for immunity

Question 8

Granulocytes ‘the phils’

Answer 8

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

Question 9

neutrophils

Answer 9

increase during bacterial infections
S or C shaped
usually have 2 nuclei

Question 10

eosinophils

Answer 10

increase during parasitic infections or allergies
resemble a music symbol w/ pink polka dots

Question 11

basophils

Answer 11

increase during chicken pox, diabetes
looks like pink and purple polka dots

Question 12

agranulocytes

Answer 12

lymphocytes
monocytes

Question 13

monocytes

Answer 13

increase during viral infections and inflammation
resemble a giant curved blob

Question 14

lymphocytes

Answer 14

increase during diverse infections and immune responses
resemble a giant purple dot

Question 15

_________ is the surface membrane molecule that causes an immune reaction.

Answer 15

antigens on RBCs

Question 16

What is the normal value for hematocrit for men?

Answer 16

42-52%

Question 17

What is the normal value for hematocrit for women?

Answer 17

37-48%

Question 18

A person with type B blood has ______ antigens and ______ antibodies.

Answer 18

B, anti-A

Question 19

_______ is the most abundant WBC and _____ is the least.

Answer 19

Neutrophil, basophil

Question 20

_________ increase during bacterial infections and ______ increase during parasitic infections.

Answer 20

Neutrophils, eosinophils

Question 21

What are the 3 types of formed elements in the blood?

Answer 21

RBCS, WBCS, platelets

Question 22

An increase in the number of RBCs is _______ and a decrease is _______

Answer 22

polycythemia, anemia

Question 23

________ is the number of erythrocytes found per cubic mm of blood

Answer 23

RBC count

Question 24

________ is an increase in the number of circulating leukocytes

Answer 24

leukocytosis

Question 25

________ is the most common plasma protein

Answer 25

albumin

Question 26

During a blood transfusion it is important to insure that the _______ in the plasma of the recipient doesn't react w/ the _____ on the RBCs of the donor. If an incorrect match is made the donors blood will ________

Answer 26

antibody, antigen agglutinate

Question 27

_________ is the universal donor and ______ is the universal acceptor of blood types.

Answer 27

O, AB

Question 28

In the Rh blood group, hemolytic disease of the newborn can only occur if the mother is _______ and the baby is ______

Answer 28

negative, positive

Question 29

____________ is inadequate oxygen transport and can be sensed by the ____________ , which releases __________ that causes the production of RBCs by the _________

Answer 29

hypoxia, kidneys and liver, erythropoetin, red bone marrow

Question 30

erythropoeisis

Answer 30

RBC production

Question 31

reticulocytes

Answer 31

immature RBCS

Question 32

megakaryocytes

Answer 32

located in red bone marrow and form platelets

Question 33

hematocrit

Answer 33

percent of total volume that is RBCs

Question 34

sickle cell

Answer 34

hereditary defect found primarily in African americans low oxygen causes RBCs to form a sickle shape and causes agglutination

Question 35

leukemia

Answer 35

cancer of the WBCs

Question 36

superior vena cava

Answer 36

vein that drains the upper body

Question 37

inferior vena cava

Answer 37

vein that dreins everything below the diaphragm

Question 38

right atrium

Answer 38

receive blood from the superior and inferior vena cava

Question 39

left atrium

Answer 39

receives blood from pulmonary veins

Question 40

right ventricles

Answer 40

pumps blood to the lungs and back to the left atrium

Question 41

left ventricles

Answer 41

pumps blood to the entire body excluding lungs

Question 42

left AV/bicuspid/mitral valve

Answer 42

on the left side of the body prevents backflow into the atria has 2 cusps transports blood from left atrium to left ventricle

Question 43

right AV/tricuspid valve

Answer 43

has 3 cusps transports blood from right atrium to right ventricle

Question 44

pulmonary valve/semilunar

Answer 44

control flow into great arteries and prevent backflow into ventricles transports blood from right ventricle to pulmonary trunk

Question 45

aortic valve

Answer 45

left ventricle into aorta

Question 46

tendinous chords

Answer 46

anchor the AV valves

Question 47

papillary muscles

Answer 47

prevent leakage through the AV valves

Question 48

visceral layer of serous pericardium

Answer 48

epicardium

Question 49

parietal layer of serous pericardium

Answer 49

outer layer

Question 50

serous pericardium

Answer 50

thin transparent inner layer of pericardial sac

Question 51

myocardium

Answer 51

middle layer of heart wall controls heart contractions

Question 52

endocardium

Answer 52

lines inner chambers of the heart

Question 53

Heart Conduction System

Answer 53

1. Pacemaker or SA node 2. Atriums 3. AV node 4. AV bundle 5. apex 6. Purkinje fibers

Question 54

P wave

Answer 54

atrial depolarization

Question 55

QRS complex

Answer 55

ventricular depolarization

Question 56

T wave

Answer 56

ventricle repolarization

Question 57

carotid body and aortic body

Answer 57

monitor blood pressure

Question 58

facial artery

Answer 58

muscles of the skin and face

Question 59

maxillary a.

Answer 59

jaw, teeth

Question 60

What five arteries make up the circle of willis?

Answer 60

-vertebral a. -basilar a. -posterior communicating a. -internal carotid a. -anterior communicating a.

Question 61

splenic a.

Answer 61

target area is spleen

Question 62

common hepatic artery

Answer 62

liver and gallbladder

Question 63

left gastric a.

Answer 63

target area is stomach

Question 64

superior mesenteric a.

Answer 64

targets the intestines

Question 65

inferior mesenteric a.

Answer 65

targets the colon

Question 66

illiac arteries

Answer 66

legs, pelvis,

Question 67

obturator artery

Answer 67

pelvic muscle