LE specific primary structures- knee

Question 1

what are the ligaments of the knee?

Answer 1

anterior cruciate ligament
posterior cruciate ligament
medial collateral ligament
lateral collateral ligament
arcuate ligament complex

Question 2

where does the ACL of the knee run?

Answer 2

from the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the medial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle in the intercondylar notch

Question 3

what direction of tibial displacement on the femur does the ACL prevent?

Answer 3

anterior

Question 4

where does the PCL of the knee run?

Answer 4

from posterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle in the intercondylar notch

Question 5

what direction of tibial displacement on the femur does the PCL prevent?

Answer 5

posterior

Question 6

where does the MCL of the knee run?

Answer 6

from slightly above the medial femoral epicondyle to the medial aspect of the tibial shaft

Question 7

the MCL prevents what direction of tibial displacement relative to the femur?

Answer 7

excessive valgus displacement

Question 8

where does the LCL of the knee run?

Answer 8

from the lateral femoral epicondyle to the fibular head

Question 9

the LCL prevents what direction of tibial displacement relative to the femur?

Answer 9

excessive varus displacement

Question 10

what ligament of the knee runs from anterior tibial condyle to medial femoral condyle and prevents anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur?

Answer 10

ACL

Question 11

what ligament of the knee runs from posterior intercondylar area of the tibia to lateral aspect of medial femoral condyle and prevents posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur?

Answer 11

PCL

Question 12

what ligament of the knee runs from slightly above the medial femoral condyle to medial aspect of the tibial shaft and prevents excessive valgus translation of the tibia relative to the femur?

Answer 12

MCL

Question 13

what ligament of the knee runs from lateral femoral epicondyle to the fibular head and prevents excessive varus translation of the tibia relative to the femur?

Answer 13

LCL

Question 14

the deep capsular fibers of the MCL are attached to the __ meniscus of the knee

Answer 14

medial

Question 15

what structures does the arcuate ligament complex of the knee consist of?

Answer 15

arcuate ligament
oblique popliteal ligament
LCL
popliteus tendon
lateral head of gastrocnemius

Question 16

what does the arcuate ligament of the knee assist in and provide support to?

Answer 16

assists cruciate ligaments in: controlling posterolateral rotatory instability of the knee

provides support to: the posterolateral joint capsule

Question 17

what ligament assists the cruciate ligaments in controlling posterolateral rotatory instability of the knee and provides support to the posterolateral joint capsule?

Answer 17

arcuate ligament complex

Question 18

where are the medial and lateral menisci of the knee firmly attached?

Answer 18

the proximal surface of the tibia

Question 19

the menisci of the knee are __ at the periphery and __ at their internal unattached edges

Answer 19

thick; thinner

Question 20

what do the menisci function to do in terms of the articular surfaces of the tibia where they articulate with the femoral condyles?

Answer 20

they function to deepen the articular surfaces of the tibia where they articulate with the femoral condyles

Question 21

in terms of joint function, what do the menisci function to do?

Answer 21

act as shock absorbers w/in joint
contribute to joint lubrication
contribute to join nutrition

Question 22

the pes anserine is the common insertion point for what three musces?

Answer 22

gracillis
semitendinosis
sartorius

Question 23

where is the pes anserine located in relation to the tibial tuberosity?

Answer 23

medial and distal to the tibial tuberosity

Question 24

pain and/or swelling in the pes anserine region may be clinically indicative of what condition?

Answer 24

pes anserine bursitis

Question 25

pes anserine may clinically present as..

Answer 25

pain and/or swelling in the pes anserine region

Question 26

name the several (3) important bursae of the knee

Answer 26

prepatellar bursa superficial infrapatellar bursa deep infrapatellar bursa

Question 27

where does the prepatellar bursa of the knee lie?

Answer 27

over the patella

Question 28

what does the prepatellar bursa of the knee allow for?

Answer 28

greater freedom of movement of the skin covering the anterior aspect of the patella

Question 29

where does the superficial infrapatellar bursa of the knee lie?

Answer 29

between the patellar tendon and the skin

Question 30

where does the deep infrapatellar bursa lie?

Answer 30

between the patellar tendon and tibia

Question 31

what are the plicae of the knee? where are they found?

Answer 31

an extension of the synovial membrane that are sometimes found in the anterior knee, most commonly medial to the patella

Question 32

do plicae of the knee serve any specific function?

Answer 32

no

Question 33

what can plicae be the source of?

Answer 33

anterior knee pain

Question 34

what type of structures are the medial and lateral retinacula of the knee?

Answer 34

ligamentous structures

Question 35

what structures do the medial and lateral retinacula of the knee attach the patella to?

Answer 35

they attach... the patella to the femur, tibia and menisci

Question 36

which retinacula of the knee is stronger?

Answer 36

lateral retinacula

Question 37

which retinacula of the knee plays a larger role in patellar positioning?

Answer 37

lateral retinacula

Question 38

what are the three fat pads of the knee?

Answer 38

quadriceps fat pad prefemoral fat pad infrapatellar fat pad

Question 39

which fat pad of the knee is most commonly affected/impaired/injured?

Answer 39

infrapatellar fat pad

Question 40

what is Hoffa's syndrome

Answer 40

impingement of the infrapatellar fat pad that can result in anterior knee pain

Question 41

which fat pad of the knee is associated with Hoffa's syndrome?

Answer 41

infrapatellar fat pad

Question 42

what ligament of the knee may be injured through a noncontact twisting injury associated with hyperextension and varus or valgus stress to the knee?

Answer 42

ACL

Question 43

the ACL may be injured through a noncontact twisting injury associated with __ and __ or __ stress to the knee

Answer 43

hyperextension and varus or valgus

Question 44

ACL damage can occur when the tibia is driven __ on the femur

Answer 44

anteriorly

Question 45

ACL damage can occur when the femur is driven __ on the tibia

Answer 45

posteriorly

Question 46

ACL damage can occur when the knee is severely __

Answer 46

hyperextended

Question 47

name 4 special tests to assess the integrity of the ACL

Answer 47

Lachman test Anterior drawer test lateral pivot shift test Slocum test

Question 48

what ligament of the knee may be injured when the superior portion of the tibia is struck while the knee is flexed (dashboard injury)?

Answer 48

PCL

Question 49

the PCL may be injured when the __ portion of the tibia is struck while the knee is __ (dashboard injury)

Answer 49

superior; flexed

Question 50

the PCL can be damaged when the tibia is driven __ on the femur

Answer 50

posteriorly

Question 51

the PCL can be damaged when the femur is driven __ on the tibia

Answer 51

anteriorly

Question 52

the PCL can be damaged by severe knee __

Answer 52

hyperflexion

Question 53

name 2 special tests to assess PCL integrity

Answer 53

Posterior drawer test Posterior sag sign

Question 54

what ligament in the knee may be injured with pure valgus load at the knee without rotation?

Answer 54

MCL

Question 55

the MCL may injured with pure __ load at the knee without __

Answer 55

valgus; rotation

Question 56

the MCL is typically a contact or noncontact injury?

Answer 56

contact ex. lateral blow to the knee during a football game

Question 57

injury to the MCL often involves injuries to other knee structures like the __ or __ __

Answer 57

ACL; medial meniscus

Question 58

what test assesses the integrity of the MCL?

Answer 58

valgus stress test

Question 59

what ligament of the knee may be injured with a pure varus load at the knee without rotation?

Answer 59

LCL

Question 60

the LCL may be injured with a pure __ load at the knee without __

Answer 60

varus; rotation

Question 61

the LCL is often injured during contact or noncontact injuries

Answer 61

contact- medial blow to the knee

Question 62

the LCL is rarely completely torn without a concurrent __ or __ injury

Answer 62

ACL or PCL

Question 63

what test assesses the integrity of the LCL of the knee?

Answer 63

varus stress test

Question 64

what ligament of the knee is typically injured with a valgus/lateral blow to the knee

Answer 64

MCL

Question 65

what ligament of the knee is typically injured with a varus/medial blow to the knee

Answer 65

LCL