Specific primary structures of the spine- cervical spine

Question 1

the brachial plexus arises from what nerve roots?

Answer 1

C5-T1

Question 2

the brachial plexus arises from the nerve roots of C5-T1, these nerve roots combine to form __ , then later divide to form __, __ and finally the __ __

Answer 2

trunks; divisions, cords, peripheral nerves

Question 3

what do the nerves that arise from the brachial plexus provide innervation to?

Answer 3

the muscles of the entire upper quarter

Question 4

name the ligaments of the cervical spine

Answer 4

alar ligaments
anterior longitudinal ligament
cruciform ligament
interspinous ligaments
posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 5

the alar ligaments attach the __ to the __ condyles

Answer 5

dens (of the axis) to the occipital condyles

Question 6

the alar ligaments function to resist what cervical motions?

Answer 6

flexion
contralateral side bending
contralateral rotation

Question 7

the alar ligaments also help to limit what type of translation between the atlas and occiput?

Answer 7

sagittal plane translation

Question 8

what structures do the anterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine reinforce?

Answer 8

the anterior portion of the intervertebral disks and vertebrae

Question 9

what cervical motion does the anterior longitudinal ligament limit?

Answer 9

extension

Question 10

the cruciform ligament of the cervical spine has __ and __ portions

Answer 10

vertical and horizontal

Question 11

the vertical portion of the cruciform ligament of the cervical spine connects the __ to the __

Answer 11

dens of the axis to the foramen magnum

Question 12

the horizontal portion of the cruciform ligament of the cervical spine connects the __ with the __

Answer 12

the dens of the axis with the atlas

Question 13

the cruciform ligament of the cervical spine limits what cervical motion?

Answer 13

upper cervical flexion

Question 14

the cruciform ligament of the cervical spine limits translation of the __ on the __

Answer 14

atlas on the axis

Question 15

where are the cervical interspinous ligaments located?

Answer 15

between the spinous processes

Question 16

what cervical motions do the interspinous ligaments limit?

Answer 16

flexion and rotation

Question 17

the ligamentum flavum connects the __ of one vertebrae to the __ of the vertebrae above it

Answer 17

lamina x2

Question 18

what cervical motions does the ligamentum flavum limit?

Answer 18

flexion and rotation

Question 19

what cervical motion does the ligamentum nuchae restrict?

Answer 19

flexion

Question 20

what structures does the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine reinforce?

Answer 20

the posterior aspect of the intervertebral disks

Question 21

what cervical motion does the posterior longitudinal ligament limit?

Answer 21

flexion

Question 22

what cervical ligaments attach the dens of the axis to the occipital condyles and resists cervical flexion, contralateral rotation and contralateral side bending

Answer 22

alar ligaments

Question 23

what cervical ligaments help to limit sagittal plane translation between the atlas and occiput?

Answer 23

alar ligaments

Question 24

what ligament has a vertical portion connecting the dens of the axis to the foramen magnum and and a horizontal portion connecting the dens with the atlas?

Answer 24

cruciform ligament

Question 25

what cervical ligament limits upper cervical flexion?

Answer 25

cruciform ligament

Question 26

what cervical ligament limits translation of the atlas on the axis?

Answer 26

cruciform ligament

Question 27

what ligament reinforces the anterior portion of the intervertebral disks and vertebrae and limits cervical extension?

Answer 27

anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 28

what ligament reinforces the posterior aspects of the intervertebral disks and limits cervical flexion?

Answer 28

posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 29

what ligaments/ligamentous structures limit cervical flexion and rotation?

Answer 29

interspinous ligaments ligamentum flavum

Question 30

what ligamentous structure limits cervical flexion?

Answer 30

ligamentum nuchae

Question 31

what are the cervical intervertebral disks formed by?

Answer 31

annulus fibrosus and the nucleus pulposus

Question 32

what is the annulus fibrosus of the cervical intervertebral disks?

Answer 32

a dense layer of collagen fibers and fibrocartilage

Question 33

what is the nucleus pulposus of the cervical intervertebral disks?

Answer 33

a flexible, gelatinous inner layer located centrally in the disk

Question 34

what forms the outer layer of the cervical intervertebral disks?

Answer 34

annulus fibrosus

Question 35

what forms the inner layer of the cervical intervertebral disks?

Answer 35

nucleus pulposus

Question 36

what structures is the annulus fibrosus of the cervical intervertebral disks firmly attached to?

Answer 36

adjacent vertebrae

Question 37

what kind of strength does the annulus fibrosus provide to the cervical intervertebral disks during spinal movement?

Answer 37

tensile strength

Question 38

flexion of a cervical vertebral segment causes the anterior portion of the intervertebral disk to be __ and the posterior portion of the disk to be __

Answer 38

compressed; distracted

Question 39

extension of a cervical vertebral segment causes the anterior portion of the intervertebral disk to be __ and the posterior portion of the disk to be __

Answer 39

distracted; compressed

Question 40

where are the cervical intervertebral foramina located?

Answer 40

in the posterior pillar of each vertebral segment

Question 41

what structures exit the spinal canal via the cervical intervertebral foramina?

Answer 41

spinal nerves and blood vessels

Question 42

the size of the cervical intervertebral foramen increases with __ and __ __ and decreases with __ and __ __

Answer 42

increases with: flexion; contralateral sidebending decreases with: extension; ipsilateral sidebending

Question 43

closure or narrowing of the cervical intervertebral foramen can occur due to what conditions?

Answer 43

arthritis (arthritic bony changes) bone spurring narrowing of the intervertebral disks

Question 44

what condition can subsequently result due to closure or narrowing of the cervical intervertebral foramen?

Answer 44

nerve root entrapment

Question 45

what are the uncovertebral joints of the cervical spine also known as?

Answer 45

uncinate processes joints of Luschka

Question 46

where are the uncovertebral joints of the cervical spine located?

Answer 46

between C3-T1

Question 47

what structures are the uncovertebral joints of the cervical spine formed between?

Answer 47

the lateral projections on the inferior surface of one vertebra and the lateral projections on the superior surface of the vertebra below it

Question 48

what is the function of the uncovertebral joints of the cervical spine?

Answer 48

guide motion in the sagittal plane limit motion in the frontal and transverse planes