Kinesiology Flashcards
anatomical position, planes of the body, lever classes within the body (29 cards)
the anatomical position of the body serves as a point of reference for what 2 definitions and descriptions of movement?
cardinal planes
associated axes/levers
describe the anatomical position of the body:
face:
feet:
arms:
palms:
fingers/thumbs:
face: forward
feet: pointing forward and slightly apart
arms: at sides
palms: facing forward
fingers/thumbs: in extension
motion is described as occurring in what three cardinal planes of the body?
frontal
sagittal
transverse
movement in the three cardinal planes occurs around what three corresponding axes?
frontal plane: anterior-posterior axis
sagittal plane: medial-lateral axis
transverse plane: vertical axis
the frontal or coronal plane divides the body into __ and __ sections
anterior and posterior
the frontal or coronal plane includes movements occurring around an anterior-posterior axis like __ and __
abduction and adduction
the sagittal plane divides the body into __ and __ sections
right and left
the sagittal plane includes movements occurring around a medial-lateral axis like __ and __
flexion and extension
the transverse plane divides the body into __ and __ sections
upper and lower
the transverse plane includes movements occurring around a vertical axis like __ and __
medial and lateral rotation
what are the classes of levers within the body?
class I lever
class II lever
class III lever
what three things make up a lever?
fulcrum
force
load
what is the fulcrum of a lever
the axis of rotation
what is the force of a lever
the effort
what is the load of a lever
the resistance
describe the position of the fulcrum/axis of rotation as it relates to the force/effort and load/resistance in a class I lever of the body
the fulcrum/axis of rotation is between the force/effort and load/resistance
what is an example of a class I lever within the body as well as in real life?
the triceps brachii extending the forearm-
triceps brachii: applies force/effort at its insertion on the olecranon/ulna
elbow: fulcrum/axis of rotation
ulna/upper arm: load/resistance
seesaw
how many class I levers are in the body?
very few
describe the position of the fulcrum/axis of rotation as it relates to the force/effort and load/resistance in a class II lever of the body
the resistance/load is in between the fulcrum/axis of rotation and force/effort
in a class II lever the length of the __ arm is always longer than the length of the __ arm
effort/force; resistance/load
in a class II lever, __ most commonly acts as the effort/force and __ most commonly acts as the resistance/load
gravity; muscle action
exception: when does the muscle act as the effort/force in a class II lever?
the muscle acts as the effort/force in a class II lever when the distal end attachment is on a weight bearing segment
real life example of a class II lever
wheel barrow
class II lever example within the bod that demonstrates exception to the rule?
standing ankle plantar flexion:
ball of foot: fulcrum/axis of rotation
bodyweight: load/resistance
gastroc muscle contraction: effort/load
