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Specific primary structures of the spine- thoracolumbar spine Flashcards

ligaments, ribs, intervertebral foramina, lumbar plexus, sacral plexus, sacrum, coccyx and other structures

1
Q

what are the ligaments (10) of the thoracolumbar spine?

A

anterior longitudinal ligament
anterior sacroiliac ligament
iliolumbar ligament
interosseous sacroiliac ligament
interspinous ligaments
posterior longitudinal ligament
posterior sacroiliac ligament
sacrospinous ligament
sacrotuberous ligament
supraspinous ligament

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2
Q

the anterior longitudinal ligament of the thoracolumbar spine limits what spinal motion?

A

extension

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3
Q

the anterior longitudinal ligament of the thoracolumbar spine reinforces what structures?

A

the anterior portion of the intervertebral disks and vertebrae

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4
Q

the posterior longitudinal ligament of the thoracolumbar spine limits what spinal motion?

A

flexion

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5
Q

the posterior longitudinal ligament of the thoracolumbar spine reinforces what structures?

A

posterior aspect of the intervertebral disks

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6
Q

what structures does the anterior sacroiliac ligament of the thoracolumbar spine connect?

A

anterior surface of the ilium to the anterior sacrum

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7
Q

what is the anterior sacroiliac ligament considered structurally?

A

a thickening of the joint capsule

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8
Q

what ligament is considered the weakest of the sacroiliac ligaments?

A

anterior sacroiliac ligament

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9
Q

what structures does the posterior sacroiliac ligament of the thoracolumbar spine connect?

A

the posterior superior iliac spine with the lateral portions of the 3rd and 4th sacral segments

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10
Q

what ligament does the posterior sacroiliac ligament of the thoracolumbar spine eventually combine with?

A

sacrotuberous ligament

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11
Q

is the posterior sacroiliac ligament of the thoracolumbar spine strong or weak?

A

strong

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12
Q

the posterior sacroiliac ligament of the thoracolumbar spine has fibers that ..

A

run in multiple directions

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13
Q

what sacral motions does the posterior sacroiliac ligament of the thoracolumbar spine function to limit?

A

all sacral motions, especially sacral posterior rotation

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14
Q

what structures does the interosseous sacroiliac ligament
of the thoracolumbar spine connect?

A

the sacrum and the ilium

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15
Q

the interosseous sacroiliac ligament of the thoracolumbar spine is located deep to what other ligament?

A

posterior sacroiliac ligament

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16
Q

is the interosseous sacroiliac ligament of the thoracolumbar spine strong or weak?

A

strong

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17
Q

what sacral movements does the interosseous sacroiliac ligament of the thoracolumbar spine function to resist?

A

anterior and inferior movements

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18
Q

what structures does the iliolumbar ligament of the thoracolumbar spine connect?

A

posterior portion of the ilium to the transverse process of the L5 vertebra

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19
Q

what spinal motions does the iliolumbar ligament of the thoracolumbar spine function to limit?

A

all motions between L5 and S1

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20
Q

where are the interspinous ligaments of the throacolumbar spine located?

A

between the spinous processes

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21
Q

what spinal motions do the interspinous ligaments of the thoracolumbar spine limit?

A

flexion and rotation

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22
Q

what structures does the sacrospinous ligament of the thoracolumbar spine connect?

A

the ischial spine to the lateral sacrum and coccyx

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23
Q

what other structure do fibers of the sacrospinous ligament of the thoracolumbar spine blend into?

A

fibers of the sacrotuberous ligament

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24
Q

what sacral motion on the pelvis does the sacrospinous ligament of the thoracolumbar spine function to limit?

A

anterior rotation of the sacrum on the pelvis

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25
name the several (4) attachment sites of the sacrotuberous ligament of the thoracolumbar spine
posterior superior iliac spine lateral sacrum coccyx ischial tuberosity
26
the sacrotuberous ligament of the thoracolumbar spine functions to resist what sacral motion and prevents __ translation of the sacrum
resists anterior rotation prevents superior translation
27
what two ligaments fibers blend with the sacrotuberous ligament
posterior sacroiliac ligament sacrospinous ligament
28
what motion does to supraspinous ligament of the thoracolumbar spine restrict?
flexion
29
what ligament of the thoracolumbar spine limits extension and reinforces the anterior portion of the intervertebral disks and vertebrae?
anterior longitudinal ligament
30
what ligament of the thoracolumbar spine limits flexion and reinforces the posterior aspect of the intervertebral disks?
posterior longitudinal ligament
31
what ligament of the thoracolumbar spine resists anterior and inferior sacral movements?
interosseous sacroiliac ligament
32
what ligament of the thoracolumbar spine resists all sacral movements, especially sacral posterior rotation?
posterior sacroiliac ligament
33
what ligaments of the thoracolumbar spine limit spinal flexion and rotation?
interspinous ligaments
34
what ligament of the thoracolumbar spine limits all motions between L5 and S1?
iliolumbar ligament
35
what ligament of the thoracolumbar spine limits anterior rotation of the sacrum on the pelvis?
sacrospinous ligament
36
what ligament of the thoracolumbar spine limits anterior rotation of the sacrum and prevents superior translation of the sacrum?
sacrotuberous ligament
37
what ligament of the thoracolumbar spine restricts spinal flexion?
supraspinous ligament
38
what does the ligamentum flavum of the thoracolumbar spine connect?
the lamina of one vertebra to the lamina of the vertebra above it
39
what motions of the thoracolumbar spine does the ligamentum flavum restrict?
flexion and rotation
40
ribs 1-10 articulate with what structures through the __ joints and __ joints
articulate with the throacic vertebrae through the costovertebral and costotransverse joints
41
ribs 1-7 are attached to the sternum through __ __
costal cartilage
42
ribs 8-10 join with what structures of ribs 1-7
the costal cartilage
43
why are ribs 11-12 classified as floating ribs?
they do not attach to the sternum or the costal cartilage at their distal end
44
ribs 11-12 only articulate with the __ __ of T11-12, but not the __ __ of the same vertebrae
vertebral bodies not the transverse processes
45
the coccyx articulates with the __ and most often consists of __ small, fused __ __
articulates with the sacrum 4 small, fused vertebral bodies
46
the coccyx most often consists of how many small, fused vertebral bodies?
4
47
does the coccyx have a specific purpose?
no- most often considered an embryological reminant
48
the sacrum is a __, __ bone consisting of __ fused vertebrae
broad, thick 5
49
where do the 5 fused vertebrae of the sacrum fixate to?
the spinal column of the pelvis
50
what are the main functions of the sacrum?
to provide an attachment for the iliac bones and to protect the pelvic organs
51
how is the sacrum attached to the pelvis?
by the strong ligaments forming the sacroiliac joint
52
the pubic symphysis is a joint formed between what structures?
the end of each pubis bone
53
the ends of the pubis bones that form that pubic symphysis are covered with what?
hyaline cartilage
54
the ends of the pubis bones that form that pubic symphysis have what between them?
a fibrocartilage disk
55
does the pubic symphysis allow for much motion?
no, motion at this joint is very limited
56
the lumbar plexus is formed by what nerve roots
T12 and L1-L4
57
what does the lumbar plexus innervate?
the anterior and medial thigh muscles the dermatomes of the medial leg and foot
58
what are the two largest and most important branches of the lumbar plexus?
the obturator and femoral nerves
59
what is the sacral plexus formed by?
the lumboscaral trunk the ventral rami of S1-S3 the descending portion of S4
60
what muscles does the sacral plexus supply?
the gluteal muscles
61
what muscles does the sacral plexus innervate through the sciatic nerve?
muscles of the posterior thigh and lower leg
62
where are the intervertebral foramina of the thoracolumbar spine located?
in the posterior pillar of each vertebral segment
63
what structures exit the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramina of the thoracolumbar spine?
spinal nerves and blood vessels
64
the size of the intervertebral foramina of the thoracolumbar spine increases with spinal __ and __ __ and decreased with spinal __ and __ __
increases with flexion; contralateral side bending decreases with extension; ipsilateral side bending
65
arthritic changes, spurring or narrowing of the intervertebral disks of the thoracolumbar spine can cause closure or narrowing of the intervertebral foramen and result in what condition
nerve root entrapment
66
what are the intervertebral disks of the thoracolumbar spine composed of
annulus fibrosus nucleus pulposus
67
the annulus fibrosus of the thoracolumbar spine is composed of
a dense layer of collagen fibers and fibrocartilage
68
the nucleus pulposus of the thoracolumbar spine is composed of
a flexible, gelatinous inner layer
69
where is the annulus fibrosus of the thoracolumbar spine firmly attached?
to the adjacent vertebrae
70
what kind of strength does the annulus fibrosus of the thoracolumbar spine provide during spinal movement?
tensile
71
where is the gelatinous mass that is the nucleus pulposus of the thoracolumbar spine located within the lumbar spine relative to the center of the intervertebral disk
slightly posterior to the center of the intervertebral disk
72
flexion of a vertebral segment within the thoracolumbar spine causes the anterior portion of the intervertebral disk to __ and the posterior portion of the intervertebral disk to __
compress, distract
73
extension of a vertebral segment within the thoracolumbar spine causes the anterior portion of the intervertebral disk to __ and the posterior portion of the intervertebral disk to __
distract, compress
74
what structures is the thoracolumbar fascia connected to?
the spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae the posterior superior iliac spines iliac crests
75
what does the thoracolumbar fascia consist of?
3 layers that separate the lumbar muscles into three different compartments
76
what is the function of the thoracolumbar fascia?
to provide stability to the spine transmit forces provide sites for muscular attachments
77
what lumbar spinal motion does the thoracolumbar fascia resist?
flexion

NPTE (30 decks)

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