Joint classification and receptors

Question 1

what are the three classifications of joints in the body?

Answer 1

fibrous joints (synarthroses)
cartilaginous joints (amphiarthroses)
synovial joints (diarthroses)

Question 2

fibrose joint (synarthroses) composition?

Answer 2

are nonsynovial and composed of bones that are unified by fibrous tissue

Question 3

how much movement do fibrous joints (synarthroses) permit? what is this amount of movement dependent on?

Answer 3

minimal to no movement permitted

the amount of movement permitted is dependent on the length of the fibers unifying the bone

Question 4

what are the types of fibrous joints (synarthroses)?

Answer 4

suture
syndesmosis
gomphosis

Question 5

what is a suture?

Answer 5

fibrous joint defined as the union of two bones by a ligament or membrane
ex. sagittal suture of the skull

Question 6

how much movement do sutures permit?

Answer 6

immovable

Question 7

what is the eventual fusion of a suture called?

Answer 7

synostosis

Question 8

synostosis

Answer 8

the eventual fusion of a suture

Question 9

what is a syndesmosis?

Answer 9

fibrous joint defined as bone connected to bone by a dense fibrous membrane or cord
ex. the tibia and fibula with interosseous membrane

Question 10

how much movement do syndesmoses permit?

Answer 10

very little motion

Question 11

what is a gomphosis?

Answer 11

a fibrous joint defined as two bony surfaces connected as a peg in a hole ex. tooth in its socket within the mandible/maxilla (only example of this in the body) with the periodontal membrane acting as the fibrous component of the joint

Question 12

cartilaginous joint (amphiarthroses) composition?

Answer 12

this type of joint has hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage that connects one bone to another

Question 13

how much movement do cartilaginous joints (amphiarthroses) permit?

Answer 13

these joints are slightly moveable

Question 14

what are the types of cartilaginous joints (amphiarthroses)?

Answer 14

synchondrosis
symphysis

Question 15

what is a synchondrosis?

Answer 15

a cartilaginous joint defined as hyaline cartilage adjoining two ossifying centers of bone that provides stability during growth
ex. sternum and true rib articulation

Question 16

how much motion do synchondroses permit?

Answer 16

slight

Question 17

once growth is completed, synchondroses may ossify into a __

Answer 17

synostosis

Question 18

what is a symphysis?

Answer 18

a cartilaginous joint defined as two bones covered with hyaline cartilage and/or connected by fibrocartilage typically located at the midline of the body
ex. pubic symphysis

Question 19

how much movement do symphyses typically permit?

Answer 19

slight

Question 20

what are the five defining characteristics of a synovial joint (diarthroses)?

Answer 20

joint cavity
articular cartilage
synovial membrane
synovial fluid
fibrous capsule

Question 21

how much movement do synovial joints (diarthroses) typically permit?

Answer 21

they provide free movement between the bones they join

Question 22

what joint type is most complex and vulnerble to injury?

Answer 22

synovial joints

Question 23

how are synovial joints (diarthroses) further classified?

Answer 23

by type of movement and shape of articulating bones

Question 24

what are the types of synovial joints (diarthroses)

Answer 24

uniaxial joint
biaxial joint
multi-axial joint

Question 25

what is a uniaxial joint

Answer 25

a type of synovial joint defined as one motion around a single axis in one plane of the body

Question 26

types of uniaxial joints?

Answer 26

hinge/ginglymus: elbow pivot/trichoid: atlantoaxial joint

Question 27

what is a biaxial joint?

Answer 27

a type of synovial joint defined as movement occurring in two planes and around two axes through the convex/concave surfaces

Question 28

types of biaxial joints?

Answer 28

condyloid: MCP joint of finger saddle: CMC joint of thumb

Question 29

what is a multi-axial joint?

Answer 29

a type of synovial joint defined as movement occurring in three planes and around multiple axes

Question 30

types of multi-axial joints?

Answer 30

plane/gliding: carpal joints ball and socket: hip joint

Question 31

what are the five types of joint receptors?

Answer 31

free nerve endings golgi ligament endings golgi-mazzoni corpuscles pacinian corpuscles ruffini endings

Question 32

where are free nerve ending joint receptors located within the body?

Answer 32

joint capsule ligaments synovium fat pads

Question 33

where are free nerve ending joint receptors primarily distributed?

Answer 33

all joints

Question 34

describe the sensitivity of free nerve ending joint receptors?

Answer 34

one type is sensitive to non-noxious mechanical stress one type is sensitive to noxious mechanical or biochemical stimuli

Question 35

non-noxious mechanical stress/stimuli

Answer 35

external stimuli applied to the body that elicits a sensation not perceived as damaging or painful ex. light touch, gentle pressure

Question 36

noxious mechanical stimuli

Answer 36

external stimuli applied to the body that elicits a sensation perceived as damaging or painful

Question 37

noxious biochemical stimuli

Answer 37

chemical substances or processes that can cause damage to the tissue/body through eliciting pain or other nociceptive responses

Question 38

where are golgi ligament ending joint receptors typically located within the body?

Answer 38

ligaments adjacent to ligament's bony attachment

Question 39

where are golgi ligament ending joint receptors primarily distributed within the body?

Answer 39

majority of joints

Question 40

describe the sensitivity of golgi ligament ending joint receptors

Answer 40

sensitive to tension or stress on ligaments

Question 41

where are golgi-mazzoni corpuscle joint receptors typically located within the body?

Answer 41

joint capsule

Question 42

where are golgi-mazzoni corpuscle joint receptors primarily distributed within the body?

Answer 42

knee joint joint capsule

Question 43

describe the sensitivity of of golgi-mazzoni corpuscle joint receptors

Answer 43

sensitive to compression of joint capsules

Question 44

where are pacinian corpuscle joint receptors typically located within the body?

Answer 44

fibrous layer of joint capsules

Question 45

where are pacinian corpuscle joint receptors primarily distributed within the body?

Answer 45

all joints

Question 46

describe the sensitivity of pacinian corpuscle joint receptors

Answer 46

high freq vibration, acceleration and high velocity changes in joint position

Question 47

where are ruffini ending joint receptors typically located in the body?

Answer 47

fibrous layer of joint capsules

Question 48

where are ruffini ending joint receptors primarily distributed within the body?

Answer 48

greater density in proximal joints, particularly in capsular regions

Question 49

describe the sensitivity of ruffini ending joint receptors?

Answer 49

stretching of joint capsule, amplitude and velocity of joint position