LEC33: Reproductive Tract I

Question 1

what directs gonad development

Answer 1

genotype

Question 2

what directs external genitalia development

Answer 2

presence of external genitalia

Question 3

cause of discordance re: gonads, phenotype

Answer 3

mutations- cause gonadal development and phenotype to be discordant

Question 4

2 phases of development

Answer 4

embryonic development of sex organs, secondary sexual development (happens at puberty)

Question 5

embryonic development of sex organs includes

Answer 5

gonads (testes, ovaries), genital ducts, accessory glands

Question 6

layer of embryonic tissue > reproductive organs

Answer 6

intermediate mesoderm

Question 7

basis of primordial germ cells

Answer 7

endodermally-derived yolk sac

Question 8

what/when is indifferent gonads period

Answer 8

male/female gonads, genitalia are identical

5-7 weeks

Question 9

when primoridal germ cells migrate

Answer 9

Begins week 4 done by week 6
takes 2 weeks
during indifferent gonads pd

Question 10

what is genital ridge

Answer 10

thickening of medial side of mesonephros

during indifferent gonads pd, primoridal germ cells migrate from yolk sac, along dorsal mesentery, to genital ridge, to primary sex cords

Question 11

when/where primordial germ cells migrate

Answer 11

week 4, along dorsal mesentery

Question 12

when primordial germ cells incorporated into primary sex cords

Answer 12

week 6

Question 13

in what structure first see cortex/medulla differentiation?

Answer 13

primary sex cords (weeks 5-7)

Question 14

cortex/medulla degree of importance to female/male devel?

Answer 14

importance:
cortex-female
medulla: male

Question 15

what does male phenotype require?

Answer 15

short arm of Y chromosome, with SRY gene

Question 16

SRY gene

Answer 16

sex region gene on short arm of Y chromosome; produces testis determining factor (TDF) which directs development of testes

Question 17

physiologically typical female development requires

Answer 17

2 XX chromosomes

Question 18

what determines ovary production?

Answer 18

absence of Y chromosome

Question 19

what determines primary female sexual differentiation

Answer 19

no production of testosterone

Question 20

TDF

Answer 20

testis determining factor, produced by SRY gene expression on short arm of Y chromosome; determines testes development

Question 21

when testes develop

Answer 21

week 8

Question 22

seminiferous cords

Answer 22

coiled up, anastomosed primary sex cords

in medulla of gonad

Question 23

rete testis

Answer 23

From primary sex cords
anastomosing network of tubules in hilum of testicle
connects to ductal system
leads to efferent ductules / mesonephric tubules

Question 24

what separates seminiferous tubules

Answer 24

mesenchyme

Question 25

seminiferous tubules- hollow or solid?

Answer 25

solid til puberty, then hollow

Question 26

what is in wall of seminiferous tubule

Answer 26

interstitial cell of leydig, sertoli cells, spermatogonia

Question 27

tunica albuginiea

Answer 27

thick structures separating surface epithelium from inner rete testis; not present in ovaries

Question 28

what do interstitial cells of leydig do

Answer 28

secrete testosterone, lead to differentiation of mesonephric ducts and external genitalia

Question 29

sertoli cells

Answer 29

in wall of developing testis; secretes AMH (antimullerian hormone), aka mullerian inhibiting substance, SUPPRESSES development of perimesonephric duct system > male!

Question 30

what do primary sex cords become in females

Answer 30

rete ovarii, which regress

Question 31

cortical cords

Answer 31

secondary sex cords in females; incorporate germ cells, become cortical cords

Question 32

primordial follice surrounding oogonium formed by

Answer 32

cortical cords and germ cell

Question 33

what do ovaries (and testes) develop from

Answer 33

mesonephros

Question 34

how many follicles at birth of female

Answer 34

2 million

Question 35

does woman form any oogonia after birth

Answer 35

no

Question 36

mesonephric ducts

Answer 36

become male genital ducts and glands, | aka wolffian ducts

Question 37

paramesonephric ducts

Answer 37

become female genital ducts and glands, | aka mullerian ducts

Question 38

what leads to mesonephric duct development

Answer 38

AMH from sertoli cells + testosterone from insterstitial cells of leydig

Question 39

progression of male genital duct development

Answer 39

mesonephric ducts > efferent ductules, ductus epididymis, ductus deferens

Question 40

seminal vesicle location, function

Answer 40

outgrowth of ductal system | produces fluid that nourishes sperm; makes vagina more ALKALINE, helps sperm motility

Question 41

ejaculatory duct connects

Answer 41

seminal vesicle to vas deferens

Question 42

prostate develops from

Answer 42

endodermal outgrowths and surrounding mesenchyme from urethra; surrounds urethra

Question 43

prostate function

Answer 43

produces fluid that comprises first part of sperm ejaculate, fluid is released into the urethra, and alkalinizes the vagina

Question 44

how is prostatic fluid produced?

Answer 44

produced via muscular contractions of prostate

Question 45

bulbourethral glands

Answer 45

outgrowth of spongy urethra | secretions contribute to semen

Question 46

what allows female genital duct development

Answer 46

1) absence of testosterone > mesoneprhic ducts regress | 2) absence of sertoli cells' MIS > paramesoneprhic ducts can invaginate, develop

Question 47

how paramesonephric ducts develop

Answer 47

invaginations on lateral mesonephroi

Question 48

where is uterovaginal primordium

Answer 48

fused part of paramesonephric ducts, in pelvic region | becomes uterus, vagina

Question 49

paramesonephric ducts location re: pelvic region

Answer 49

paramesonephric ducts pass caudally

Question 50

fallopian tubes form where

Answer 50

unfused portion at top of paramesonephric ducts

Question 51

what suspends ovary in ducts

Answer 51

mesovarian and broad ligament

Question 52

what is vagina primordium, where does it form

Answer 52

at mullerian/sinus tubercle | forms by uterovaginal primordium growing into/meeting urogenital sinus

Question 53

broad ligament forms from

Answer 53

fold in peritoneum | connects ovary, uterus, uterine tube

Question 54

sinovaginal bulbs form from

Answer 54

paired endodermal outgrowths from sinus tubercle

Question 55

what forms vaginal plate

Answer 55

fusion of sinovaginal bulbs | begins as solid > center breaks down > hymen separates lumen of cavity from urogenital sinus

Question 56

what does hymen separate

Answer 56

lumen of sinovaginal bulbs' fusion from cavity of urogenital sinus

Question 57

location and function, urethral and paraurethral (skene's) glands

Answer 57

from urethra | add lubrication to the vagina

Question 58

location and function, bartholion's glands

Answer 58

aka greater vestibular gland auxiliary genital gland in females forms from urogenital sinus can become infected w/ gonorrhea, form abcess/cyst

Question 59

homologues of outgrowths from the urethra

Answer 59

female: urethral and paraurethral (skene's) glands male: prostate

Question 60

homologues of outgrowths from urogenital sinus

Answer 60

female: greater vestibular glands of Bartholin male: Bulbourethral glands

Question 61

lasting derivatives of mesonephric tubules

Answer 61

male: efferent ductules female: none

Question 62

lasting derivatives of mesonephric ducts

Answer 62

males: duct of epididymus, ductus deferens females: none

Question 63

lasting derivatives of paramesonephric ducts

Answer 63

males: none females: uterus, tubes

Question 64

lasting derivatives of urogenital sinus

Answer 64

males: bladder, urethra, prostate, bulbourethral glands females: bladder, urethra, vagina, paraurethral gland, bartholins glands

Question 65

vestigial structures of sinus tubercle

Answer 65

male: seminal colliculus female: hymen