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Structures: Part Deux > LEC59: Larynx & Pharynx > Flashcards

LEC59: Larynx & Pharynx Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

when is head the “skull”? the “cranium”?

A

skull: with mandible
cranium: without mandible

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2
Q

does hyloid directly articulate w/ any other bones?

A

no

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3
Q

spinal level of larynx?

A

C3-C7

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4
Q

muscles extending from hyloid bone?

A

post and anteiror bellies of digastric m

stylohyoid m

mylohyoid m

geneohyoid m

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5
Q

where do you do a crycothyrotomoy?

A

between thyroid cartilage & cricoid cartilage

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6
Q

“thyros”

A

“shield”

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7
Q

branches of internal carotid in the neck?

A

it comes from common carotid

NO BRANCHES FROM INTERNAL CAROTID in the neck

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8
Q

big terminal branches of external carotid in neck?

A

maxillary & superficial temporal aa

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9
Q

external carotid a branches?

A

superior thyroid a

ascending pharyngeal a

lingual a

facial a

occipital a

posteiror auricular a

superficial temporal a

maxillary a

*some anatomists like fing, other prefer S&M*

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10
Q

superior thyroid is a branch of what?

& what does it anastomose with?

A

branch of external carotid a

anastomoses with inferior thyroid a from thyrocervical trunk

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11
Q

important facial veins

A

external jugular v

internal jugular v

facial v

opthalmic vv

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12
Q

why is popping a zit on the side of your nose dangerous?

A

important venous drainage system is there

blood from there > facial vein > jugulars or > opthalmic vv > cavernous sinus

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13
Q

muscles of the pharynx

A

1) superior pharyngeal constrictor
2) middle pharyngeal constrictor
3) inferior pharyngeal constrictor
4) sylopharyngeus
5) salpingopharyngeus
6) palatopharyngeus

1-3 are paired; constrict

4-6 are paired; longitudinal; elevate the constrictors when we swallow

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14
Q

constrictor muscles of the pharynx

A

superior pharyngeal constrictor

middle pharyngeal constrictor

inferior pharyngeal constrictor

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15
Q

which pharyngeal muscles elevate the constrictors

A

stylopharyngeus

salpingopharyngeus

palatopharyngeus

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16
Q

what is true about muscles connecting to styloid bone?

A

all come from different branchial arches

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17
Q

parts of inferior constrictor m

A

thyropharyngeus

crycopharyngeus

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18
Q

when is crycopharyngeus m constricted?

A

always EXCEPT when swallow

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19
Q

pharynx is divided into 3 parts

A

naso pharynx

oro pharynx

laryngo pharynx

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20
Q

what’s between middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

A

where superior laryngeal nerve, artery, vein enter

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21
Q

where is ear - throat connection? why important

A

nasopharynx - middle ear cnxn =

pharyngotympanic tube

(at level of inferior nasal concha)

portal for infection to spread > middle ear

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22
Q

how do constrictors align posteirorly?

A

meet at cuscible mtg pt in the middle, a raphe

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23
Q

what/where are piriform sinuses

A

on either side of laryngeal orifice

common place for food to become trapped

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24
Q

layers of pharyngeal wall

A

from outside to inside:

1) buccopharyngeal fascia
2) muscle layer
3) pharyngobasilar fascia (fibrous layer)
4) submucosa
5) mucous membrane

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25
innervation of pharynx
pharyngeal plexus (IX, X, XI) + autonomics
26
what is larynx derived from?
4th-6th brachial arches
27
how many/what are cartilages of the larynx?
9: **_unpaired_**: thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis **_paired_**: arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform
28
what structure = adam's apple?
laryngeal prominence
29
is hyoid bone part of the larynx?
no
30
does thyroid cartilage have both front and back?
no just front, no back
31
does cricoid cartilage have both front and back?
yes small front, large back
32
what kind of joint between thyroid and cricoid cartilages?
synovial
33
what kind of front/back does trachea have?
solid front, cartilage musculo-membranous back
34
where is vocal ligament?
runs from aretenoid \> thyroid
35
why don't you do a crycothyrotomy in trachea where rings are?
because there, risk causing a tracheo-esophageal fistula if puncture both trachea and esophagus
36
how many parts to upper larynx internal membrane?
quadrangular upper portion, ends in vestibular fold lower portion, ends in vocal fold
37
what do vestibular ligament & vocal ligament do
produce vestibular & vocal folds of internal membrane of larynx
38
where does fluid often fill, esp in elderly ppl?
laryngeal ventricle
39
how do you relate things in the larynx?
relate them to the glottis
40
identify the vocal fold
41
where does food go when swallow?
around larynx into esophagus
42
larynx layers
epithelium lamina propria - forms ligament vocalis muscle
43
what is true vocal cord?
vocal fold = vocal ligament + overlying mucosa
44
what is false vocal cord?
vestibular fold = vestibular ligament + overlying mucosa
45
laryngoscope fxn
use to visualize epiglottis, back of larynx and its swellings, vocal folds w/ vestibular fold above them
46
what is rima glottidis
opening btwn true vocal cords & arytenoid cartilages
47
what do vocal folds control?
1) control air going in/out of our lungs 2) are a protective sphincter 3) are fundamnetal frequencies to produce sounds 4) do maintence of intrathoracic & intraabdominal pressure (ie when constipated, give birth)
48
what helps you lift weights re: larynx?
vocal folds
49
how to make self throw up
1) finger touches lips, arouses GSA in trigeminal CN V 2) finger in front of tongue, now more GSA in trigeminal & also taste in chorda tympani of CN VII 3) back of tongue, posterior 1/3, in CN IX - shares 4 brainstem nuclei w/ CN X 4) GAG REFLEX is initiated 5) if went further, touch epiglottis - CN X so invade center of universe- CN X!
50
muscles of larynx glottic muscles
**most important:** **posterior cricoarytenoid, cricothyroid** others: lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse arytenoid, thyroarytenoid, vocalis
51
what muscle abducts vocal folds of larynx?
posterior cricoarytenoid m
52
what is unique about cricothyroid m?
only larynx m not innervated by RLN innervated in SLN
53
folds' main job?
sphincter protection
54
swellings of folds causes what?
laryngitis
55
what muscle is this
posterior crico-arytenoid mm
56
what muscle is this
cricothyroid m
57
what is position of epiglottis when swallow?
down
58
inlet muscles of larynx re: epiglottis?
1) thyroepiglotticus 2) oblique artenoid 3) aryepiglotticus
59
motor laryngeal innervation?
mostly RLN also exsternal branch of SLN
60
sensory laryngeal innervation?
1) internal laryngeal nerve- above vocal folds & superior surface of folds 2) RLN- below vocal folds & inferior surface of folds
61
what happens in post-laryngectomy state?
can no longer breathe air in via nasal route bc cannot maintain intraabdominal pressure w/o larynx
62
what animal is this? ID the larynx
rabbit
63
how does breast feeding work re: larynx?
high larynx is unique epiglottis guides larynx, larynx elevates into nasopharynx permits swallowing while breathing
64
what is dangerous about larynx's ability to depress down?
because pharynx is common passageway for food, air, breathing must cease while swallowing
65
what is reflux
when acidic contents from gut go up into larynx
66
what have we gained via larynx?
huge, permanent oropharynx
67
id the structures
68
2 heads of sternocleidomastoid?
sternal and clavicular heads

Structures: Part Deux (36 decks)

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