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Structures: Part Deux > LEC64: Nose and Paranasal Sinuses > Flashcards

LEC64: Nose and Paranasal Sinuses Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

identify important structures

A
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2
Q

where is the superior conchi

A
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3
Q

what are functions of nasal cavity? importance?

A

1) olfaction- for quality of life, not survival
2) respiration- matters for survival

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4
Q

what are macrosomatic animals

A

animals that use smell as primary sense- for detection of prey, spotting water resources, etc

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5
Q

nose’s general function re: air and inspiration?

A

nose prepares air - warms it to at or near body temperature - before it passes to lower respiratory tract

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6
Q

how much air does nose condition daily?

A

10,000-20,000 L of air daily

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7
Q

what is state of breathed air, what must happen to it?

A

air contains billions of infectious, allergenic, irritative, toxic materials

air must be filtered, neutralized, eliminated

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8
Q

identify:

root of nose, nasion, dorsum, margin, tip, ala, naris, columella

A
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9
Q

what is piriform aperature

A

border of nasal cavity, entry portal to upper respiratory system

looks like a pear

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10
Q

components of piriform aperature?

A

maxilla and nasal bones

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11
Q

where is nasal cavity proper?

A

inside piriform aperature

bony partition divides nasal cavity into 2

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12
Q

concha bullosa?

A

an inflated turbinate

normal unless impedes flow of air through nasal cavity- then problematic

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13
Q

how many turbinates?

A

3- superior, middle turbinate, inferior turbinate; in nasal cavity proper

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14
Q

what is the nasal septum?

A

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid

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15
Q

identify the bones

A

crista galli- anterior cranial fossa entry, connects to falx cerebra (orange/yellow at top)

PP: perpendicular plate of ethmoid, intrudes at midline

C: cartilagenous component

V: vomer

M: maxatine cavity- crest that arises above nasal cavity floor

P: palatine cavity- crest that arises above nasal cavity floor

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16
Q

what is this? how is it visualized? ID parts

A

nasal cavity wall, visualized by removing nasal septum

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17
Q

what must blood supply to nasal cavity pass through?

A

pterygomaxillary fissure

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18
Q

where is pterygopalatine ganglion? what is there with it?

A

through pterygopalatine fissure, in pterygopalatine fossa

find branches of CN V, trigeminal there also

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19
Q

what is maxillary artery? what is it a branch of? where does it travel through? where does it end up?

A

a terminal branch of external carotid a

goes through pterygomaxillary fissure, into pterygopalatine fossa, into sphenopalatine foramen, into nasal cavity proper

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20
Q

ID structures 10, 12

A

10: nasal septum, reflected superiorly
12: sphenopalatine artery - very thick!

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21
Q

what is arterial supply of nasal cavity wall?

A

1) maxillary branch of external carotid artery

1) postero-lateral superior branch of sphenopalatine a
2) postero-lateral middle branch of sphenopalatine a
3) postero-lateral **inferior **branch of sphenopalatine a

2) opthalmic branch of internal carotid artery

1) anterior ethmoidal** **branch of opthalmic a
2) posterior ethmoidal branch of opthalmic a

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22
Q

identify the arteries

A
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23
Q

where does greater palatine artery enter nasal cavity?

A

greater palatine foramen

hugs oral cavity

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24
Q

identify these holes

A

greater palatine foramen- where greater palatine a comes out, greater palatine nerve

lesser palatine foramen

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25
where does greater palatine artery enter nasal cavity floor
incisive foramen
26
septal artery function?
facial artery branch goes superiorly; connects w/ dorsal nasal artery at orbit
27
connection between a nasal and an eye-related artery?
external carotid \> facial a \> dorsal nasal a \> opthalmic a
28
describe all arteries of eye orbit
29
"place of least resistance" principle?
ethmoidal arteries go through bone surgeous can go through solid bone if have to, because if artery going thru bone by def'n, have osseus tunneling already, just have to snip to get pathologic site they want to access
30
what is this
anterior and posterior ethmoid foramena, where ethmoid artery goes through ethmoid bone
31
where do nasal bleeds occur?
little's area
32
major nervous contribution to nasal cavity?
branches of V2, maxillary a
33
nasopalatine n location
hugs nasal septum descends through incisive canal sends branches to incisive dentition
34
pterygopalatine ganglion sends branches where
nasal septum, wall
35
branches of pterygopalatine ganglion in the nasal cavity are?
superior, middle, and inferior postero-lateral nasal branches
36
4 sinuses?
frontal sphenoidal maxillary ethmoidal
37
roles of sinuses?
1) architectural: reduce cranial weight, shock absorption, accomodate growth, replace functionless bone 2) physiological: produce fluid for humidification, ventilation, secrete mucus, air conditioning, shock absorption, impart resonance to voice, aid in respiratory function 3) evolutionary residuals: had a fxn once that's no longer needed
38
identify frontal and maxillary sinuses. should they be a/symmetrical?
frontal: asymmetric maxillary: symmetric
39
which paranasal sinus develops first, embryologically?
maxillary sinus begins as bud along inferoalteral surface of ethmoid portion of nasal capsule day 65
40
borders of maxillary sinus?
roof: floor of orbit floor: dental roots
41
embryologic cell type of nasal cavity cells?
mesenchymal cells
42
what element of vault grows uniquely in humans only?
maxilla grows vertically
43
how does maxillary sinus grow?
medial \> lateral
44
when do molar teeth erupt?
6 yrs old: 1st moral erupts 12 yrs old: 2nd moral erupts 17-25 yrs old: 3rd molar erupts
45
where is maxillary sinus floor re: nasal cavity floor?
in fetus, maxillary sinus floor is above level of floor of nasal cavity in grown person, maxillary sinus floor is **below the level** of the nasal cavity floor
46
where do V2 branches go re: paransal sinuses?
V2 branches hug around maxillary sinus
47
autonomic innervation to lacrimal gland?
presynaptic: greater petrosal n., of VII, to pterygopalatine ganglion postsynaptic: zygomatic n., lacrimal n. distribution root: V1, V2
48
autonomic innervation to mucous glands, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, palate?
presynaptic: VII via greater petrosal n. ganglion: pterygopalatine postsynaptic: branches of V2
49
what is within sinus wall epithelium that is the target for GVEs?
respiratory epithelial lining has serous glands, mucous glands, goblet cells this is postganglionic GVE target
50
descrbe path of greater petrosal n \> target glands
preganglionic parasympathetic fibers exit from midbrain enter internal acoustic meatus at GENICULATE BEND, greater petrosal n goes thru pterygoid canal synapses at pterygopalatine ganglion rides w/ V2 to get to target glands
51
what is middle conchi
middle turbinate w/ epithelial lining
52
what are 3, 5, 7?
3, inferior turbinate 5, middle turbinate 7, suprior turbinate
53
lamina papyracea?
paper thin part of ethmoid bone where ethmoid sinus air cells are each air cell has an opening are unique to individuals
54
what is norm for frontal sinus morphology?
asymmetric
55
what lines sinuses?
respiratory epithelium they produce fluid, which must drain
56
identify hiatus semilunaris
anterior face of ethmoid bullop, sliver that is posterior bone of ulcinate process
57
what space is entered from the hiatus semilunaris?
ethmoid infindibulum is the receptical space for frontal, maxillary, ethmoid inner sinuses
58
components of middle turbinate?
horizontal, vertical, superior components so attachment to middle turbinate is in 3 dimenstions, very solid
59
3 categories of sphenoid sinus?
1) conchal - tiny 2) pre-sellar - neumitization remains in front of sella turcica 3) post-sellar - neumitization grows beyond sella turcica
60
what leaves an imprint on walls of sphenoid sinus?
optic nerve
61
what is wrong with this pt?
papilloma in R eye, affecting his abducens cannot abduct eye
62
how does infection get to middle ear from sinus?
via eustachian tube
63
how do lacrimal tears travel and where do they drain?
lacrimal tears bathe the occular globe from superolaterally \> inferomedially drain into **inferior meatus **
64
what drains into middle meatus?
frontal, maxillary, anterior ethmoid sinuses
65
what drains into superior meatus?
sphenoid, posterior ethmoid sinuses
66
what drains into inferior meatus?
lacrimal tears
67
what is unique about sphenoid sinus drainage?
sphenoid drains into superior meatus but must go through posterior ethmodi sinus to get to superior meatus all other sinuses have direct route of drainage to their meatus

Structures: Part Deux (36 decks)

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