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Anatomical Sciences 1 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define gross anatomy

A

the examination of structures of the body that can be seen without a microscope

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2
Q

Define embryology

A

the study of the prenatal formation and development of an organism (embryo and fetus), including
gametogenesis, fertilization, implantation, and congenital disorders.

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3
Q

Define histology

A

the study of the microanatomy of cells, tissues, and organs, including the correlation of their structure and
function. Also includes histopathology.

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4
Q

Define neuroscience

A

the examination of the nervous system from the molecular and cellular level to the gross anatomical
and computational /network level. Includes gross anatomy, physiology, development, histology, psychology, molecular and cellular biology, etc.

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5
Q

Anterior is also called ______

A

Ventral

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6
Q

Posterior is also called _______

A

Dorsal

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7
Q

What is this plane

A

Transverse (axial)

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8
Q

What is this plane

A

Coronal (frontal)

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9
Q

What is this plane

A

Sagittal

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10
Q

How is the transverse/ axial plane viewed

A

As though patient is
supine and you’re standing at the patient’s feet

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11
Q

What is protraction/ retraction

A
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12
Q

Define sections of a long bone

A
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13
Q

What is an example of a sesamoid bone

A

Patella

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14
Q

The bones in the ankles/ wrist are considered _______ bones

A

Short

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15
Q

Bones of the skull are considered _____ bones

A

Flat

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16
Q

Identify arrow

A

Nutrient foramina

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17
Q

What is avascular necrosis

A

Death of bone tissue due to loss of
vascular supply

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18
Q

What are the 3 classes of articulation (joints)

A
  • Fibrous
  • Cartilaginous
  • Synovial
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19
Q

In anatomical position the palms face what direction

A

Anteriorly

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20
Q

What is this movement

A

Circumduction (flexion+ extension+abduction+ adduction)

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21
Q

What are 3 examples of fibrous joints

A
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22
Q

What are 2 examples of cartilaginous joints

A
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23
Q

What is an example of a synovial joint

A

Knee

24
Q

In a fibrous joint the amount of movement depends on the ________

A

Length of the fibers

25
Q

What is a syndesmosis & what kind of joint is it

A
  • Fibrous joint that unites bones with a sheet of fibrous tissue, either a ligament or a fibrous membrane
26
Q

What is a cartilaginous joint united by

A

Hyaline or fibrocartilage

27
Q

What is a primary cartilaginous joint called? Whats an example?

A

Synchondrosis (temporary), Epiphyseal plate

28
Q

What is a secondary cartilaginous joint called? Whats an example?

A

Symphysis (permanent), intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis

29
Q

Name structures

A
30
Q

What are some classifications of a synovial joint

A
31
Q

Synovial joints also contain what

A

Fibrocartilaginous
articular disc or meniscus, providing extra cushion for articulating surfaces

32
Q

Synovial joints are usually reinforced by what

A

Ligaments (bone-bone connections)

33
Q

What is a bursa

A

Closed sac of serous membrane

34
Q

Where are bursa’s located

A

Areas of friction
- joints
- tendons crossing joints

35
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue

A

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

36
Q

What muscle types are voluntary? Which are involuntary?

A

Voluntary: Skeletal muscle
Involuntary: Smooth/ cardiac muscle

37
Q

Where are the nuclei in the 3 types of muscle

A

Cardiac: central
Skeletal: peripherally
Smooth: central

38
Q

What 2 types of muscle have transverse striations

A

Skeletal & cardiac

39
Q

What is the distinguishing mark of a cardiac fiber

A

Intercalated discs

40
Q

What kind of muscle is this

A

Skeletal muscle

41
Q

What muscle types are somatically innervated

A

Skeletal

42
Q

Skeletal muscle is _______ by deep fascial

A

Invested (wrapped)

43
Q

Fascial compartments share what

A

Nerves, vessels

44
Q

What muscle types are viscerally innervated

A

Cardiac/ smooth muscle

45
Q

What muscle types are viscerally innervated

A

Cardiac/ smooth muscle

46
Q

Define anastomosis

A

Communication between arteries

47
Q

Anastomosis do what

A

Provide routes for collateral circulation

48
Q

What kind of vessels are within the lymphatic system

A

Unidirectional vessels

49
Q

Lymphedema results from

A

Failure/ blockage of lymphatic flow

50
Q

Lymphatic system drains interstitial fluid to where

A

Major veins

51
Q

What are 2 additional lymphatic functions

A

Part of the immune system, fat absorption

52
Q

Lymph drains to ___________

A

Venous angles (junction of
internal jugular vein with subclavian vein)

53
Q

Right lymphatic duct drains where

A

Right upper quadrant of body to right venous angle

54
Q

Thoracic duct of lymphatic system drains what

A

Drains the remainder of body to left venous angle

55
Q

What kind of muscle is this

A

Cardiac muscle

56
Q

What kind of muscle is this

A

Smooth muscle

57
Q

Name

A

Anatomical Sciences 1 (20 decks)

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