Test 3- imaging

Question 1

Identify PA or AP

Answer 1

Question 2

Identify PA or AP

Answer 2

Question 3

Identify areas

Answer 3

Question 4

Identify areas

Answer 4

Question 5

Identify areas

Answer 5

Question 6

Identify areas

Answer 6

Question 7

Identify areas of heart

Answer 7

Question 8

What kind of array probe do you use for heart US?

Answer 8

Phased

Question 9

In the apical 4-chamber view where is the probe placed? Where is the probe marker directed? Where is the probe tilted towards? What should the position of the patient be?

Answer 9

PMI (point of maximal impulse), 5th intercostal space near the midclavicular line. Directed toward the left posterior axilla. Probe tilted towards patients right shoulder. Pt laying on left side (left decubitus) position

Question 10

Identify chambers of the heart

Answer 10

Question 11

Parasternal long axis (PLAX) view- Where is the probe placed? Where is the marker directed? What is this view good for?

Answer 11

Place the probe just to the left of the sternum in the 3 rd, 4th, or 5th intercostal space with marker directed to right shoulder. Good for assessing cardiac function, perfusion, and valve function.

Question 12

Identify locations on picture

Answer 12

Question 13

Parasternal short axis (PSAX) view- Where is the probe placed? Where is the marker directed?

Answer 13

Place the probe just to the left of the sternum in the 3rd, 4th, or 5th intercostal space with marker directed to LEFT shoulder. Aim beam superiorly to view papillary muscles of mitral valve, or hold upright to view mitrial valve

Question 14

What are the valves you can see and what view is this

Answer 14

Question 15

Consider for each image:
* Which cardiac view is depicted?
* What was the orientation of the probe on the patient?
* Find the structures on the checklist for each view

Answer 15

Question 16

Consider for each image:
* Which cardiac view is depicted?
* What was the orientation of the probe on the patient?
* Find the structures on the checklist for each view

Answer 16

Question 17

Consider for each image:
* Which cardiac view is depicted?
* What was the orientation of the probe on the patient?
* Find the structures on the checklist for each view

Answer 17

Question 18

Consider for each image:
* Which cardiac view is depicted?
* What was the orientation of the probe on the patient?
* Find the structures on the checklist for each view

Answer 18

Question 19

Consider for each image:
* Which cardiac view is depicted?
* What was the orientation of the probe on the patient?
* Find the structures on the checklist for each view

Answer 19

Question 20

What is the concern if ventricular tissue is not contracting symmetrically in the PSAX view?

Answer 20

Diminished cardiac function- possibly from infarction

Question 21

In a healthy heart, does the anterior leaf of the mitral valve touch the IV septum when it opens?

Answer 21

This indicates good, strong cardiac function

Question 22

What would be the US indicators of pericardial effusion?

Answer 22

The US image would show an anechoic space around the heart (black). Also, if it was a tamponade the heart would only be weakly contracting

Question 23

Why turn the patient to left lateral decubitus position (on left side) to improve image?

Answer 23

The thoracic viscera should shift to the left and bring the heart from behind the sternum.

Question 24

Which view(s) give best opportunity to assess the function of the left atrioventricular valve? Aortic
semilunar valve?

Answer 24

PLAX and PSAX