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Anatomical Sciences 1 > Lecture 17- Skin > Flashcards

Lecture 17- Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 layers of skin

A

Epidermis (epithelium), dermis (connective tissue)

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2
Q

Identify layers of skin

A
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3
Q

How do you identify the epidermis

A

It’s always darker than the dermis

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4
Q

What does the epidermis begin as

A

Surface ectoderm

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5
Q

Surface ectoderm forms a keratinized
_______

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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6
Q

Epithelial cells are shed throughout life _______ while mitosis adds new epithelial cells ______

A

Apically, at the base

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7
Q

Epidermis is ______, gets nutrients from _____

A

Avascular, diffusion

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8
Q

What are the 4 major layers of epidermis from superficial to deep

A

Stratum corneum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum spinosum, Stratum basale

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9
Q

Stratum corneum:

A

▪ Anucleate, dead cells
▪ Tough, water-resistant barrier

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10
Q

Stratum granulosum:

A

Granular cells toughen keratin &
form lipid-based water barrier

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11
Q

Stratum spinosum:

A

“Prickle cells” are linked by lots of
desmosomes and intermediate
filaments made of keratin protein

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12
Q

Stratum basale:

A

Basal cells divide (renew epithelium/ single layer)

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13
Q
A
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14
Q

What does the keratinocyte do

A

Forms a barrier

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15
Q

What does a melanocyte do

A

Forms pigment

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16
Q

What does a langerhans cell do

A

Immune defense

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17
Q

What does a Merkel cell do

A

Sensory perception

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18
Q
A
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19
Q

Keratinocyte derives from where

A

Surface ectoderm

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20
Q

Acidophilic cytoplasm reflects accumulated keratin (intermediate) filaments visible in TEM as ______

A

Tonofibrils (T)

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21
Q

Tonofibrils anchor into _____

A

Desmosomes

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22
Q

Autoimmune destruction of desmosomes may result in ______

A

Clear, flaccid blisters – pemphigus vulgaris

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23
Q

Melanocyte function

A

Protect basal cells by donating pigment

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24
Q

How do you identify a melanocyte

A

Colorless cytoplasm in stratum basale

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25
Q

Melanocytes come from embryonic _________ and migrate and populate _____

A

Neural crest cells, stratum basale

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26
Q

Identify arrows

A
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27
Q

Basal cells absorb ______, which shield the nucleus from UV damage

A

Melanosomes

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28
Q

Melanocytes give pigment to how many keratinocytes (basale cells)

A

Roughly 50

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29
Q

Melanocytes contain ______ that contain _______

A

Melanosomes, melanin

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30
Q

Skin color due to quantity and content of _______

A

Melanosomes

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31
Q

Langerhans cells are what? Found where?

A

Special immune cells, found in epidermis (spinosum)

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32
Q

Langerhans cells function as a specialized ______

A

Antigen-presenting cell

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33
Q

How do you identify a langerhans cell

A

Clear cytoplasm

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34
Q

Where does a langerhans cell come from

A

Hematopoietic cells in liver/bone marrow

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35
Q

What is an endocytic vesicle that helps break down viruses in the cytoplasm of langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granule

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36
Q

Merkel cells have a ____ function

A

Sensory

37
Q

How do you identify a merkel cell

A

Clear cytoplasm, restricted to stratum basale

38
Q

Where are there high concentrations of Merkel cells

A

Specialized touch areas (fingertips)

39
Q

What is contained in a Merkel cell

A

Dense granules filled with neurotransmitter

40
Q

Merkel cells have what origin

A

Surface ectodermal origin

41
Q

Cell + nerve process = ______ (sensory receptor)

A

Merkel disk

42
Q

Identify

A
43
Q

Identify

A
44
Q

Identify

A
45
Q

List the 3 skin cancers in order of most common/ less likely to spread to less common/ more likely to spread

A
46
Q

Facts about basal cell carcinomas

A

Originates from basal cell
▪ Flatness reflects deep origin
(stratum basale)
▪ Not usually pigmented
▪ Keratin biomarker
▪ Initially anchored by
hemidesmosomes

47
Q

Facts about squamous cell carcinomas

A

▪ Originates from “prickle cell”
▪ Raised bump reflects superficial
origin (stratum spinosum)
▪ Not usually pigmented
▪ Keratin biomarker
▪ Initially anchored by
desmosomes

48
Q

Facts about melanomas

A

▪ Originates from melanocyte
▪ Flatness reflects deep origin
(stratum basale)
▪ Pigmented (melanosomes)
▪ Vimentin biomarker
▪ No desmosomes or
hemidesmosomes

49
Q

The dermis is deep to what

A

The epidermis

50
Q

Dermis derives from ________

A

Mesenchyme

51
Q

What are the 3 sources the dermis is derived from

A

Neural crest, dermatome, parietal mesoderm

52
Q

2 facts about the dermis

A

Vascularized, contains fibrous connective tissue

53
Q

What is the dermal papilla

A
54
Q

What is contained in the papillary layer of the dermis & what is it for

A

Fine fibers – loose connective tissue, nourish, support & defend epidermis

55
Q

What is contained in the reticular layer of the dermis & what is it for

A

Coarse fibers – dense irregular CT
Gives strength and elasticity to skin

56
Q

Identify layers of dermis

A
57
Q

Identify layers of dermis

A
58
Q

Identify arrows

A
59
Q

Arrector pili muscle is what/ does what/ originates from where

A

Smooth muscle, piloerection (trap heat, response to stress), originates from dermal mesenchyme

60
Q

Follicular bulge is what

A

Reservoir for epidermal stem cells & melanocytes, part of follicle under arrector pili

61
Q

The follicular bulge can also serve what purpose

A

Regenerate wounded epidermis

62
Q

Identify 2 landmarks

A
63
Q

What is Ectodermal dysplasia

A

Group of syndromes related to mutations of the genes that code for ectodermal appendages including hair, teeth, nails, and glands.

64
Q

Where does an eccrine sweat gland empty onto

A

Directly onto the epidermal surface

65
Q

Where does an apocrine sweat gland empty onto

A

Directly onto hair follicle

66
Q

Where does a sebaceous gland empty onto

A

Directly into hair follicle

67
Q

Where is a sebaceous gland located

A

Wherever there is hairy skin

68
Q

Identify arrows

A
69
Q

A sebaceous gland is wedged between what

A

Arrector pili & hair follicle

70
Q

A sebaceous gland is what kind of secretion

A

Holocrine secretion (sebum
contains lipid & cellular debris)

71
Q

What are the 2 kinds of sweat glands and where are they found

A

Eccrine (all over), apocrine (armpit/groin)

72
Q

Where does a sebaceous gland empty

A

Into hair follicle

73
Q

What is the secretion of eccrine sweat glands

A

Water-rich sweat, narrow lumen, empties directly onto skin

74
Q

What is the secretion of apocrine sweat glands

A

Protein rich sweat (active at puberty), empty into hair follicle, wide lumen

75
Q

Apocrine/ eccrine sweat glands are what kind of gland

A

Merocrine- typical exocytosis

76
Q

Identify arrows

A
77
Q

What is a merkel disc for

A

Fine touch (fingertips)

78
Q

What is a free nerve ending for

A

Pain/ temperature

79
Q

What is Meissners corpuscle for

A

Fine touch/ fingertips

80
Q

What is a pacinian corpuscle for

A

Sustained pressure, vibrations (deep dermis)

81
Q

Free nerve ending, Merkel disk, and Pacinian corpuscle contain _______

A

Somatic afferent fibers

82
Q

Identify

A
83
Q

Identify

A
84
Q

Identify

A
85
Q

Visceral efferents (not shown) innervate eccrine glands and arrector pili mainly by ______________

A

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers

86
Q

A thick corneum is found where

A
87
Q

A thin corneum is found where

A
88
Q
A

Anatomical Sciences 1 (20 decks)

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