Lecture 1

Question 1

what kingdom are insects in?

Answer 1

animalia

Question 2

What phylum are insects in?

Answer 2

arthropoda

Question 3

what are the features of arthropods? (6)

Answer 3

jointed legs

segmented bodies

external skeleton

ventral nerve cord

dorsal heart

bilateral symmetry

Question 4

what class are insects in?

Answer 4

insecta

Question 5

what classifies the organisms included in the insecta class?

Answer 5

include all the arthropod characteristics

&

3 body regions: head, thorax & abdomen

Question 6

how many body regions does an insect have? & what are the body regions?

Answer 6

3

head, thorax & abdomen

Question 7

what are the features of the head?

Answer 7

1 pair of antennae

include: eyes, mouth etc.

Question 8

where are the antennae located on an insect?

Answer 8

head

Question 9

what are the features of the thorax?

Answer 9

middle body part

3 pairs of legs

0-2 pairs of wings (in adults)

Question 10

where are the legs located on an insect?

Answer 10

thorax

Question 11

where are the wings located on an insect?

Answer 11

thorax

Question 12

what are the features of the abdomen?

Answer 12

reproductive organs, digestive sys etc.

Question 13

what are the ways that the mouthparts acquire nutrition?

Answer 13

chewing

sucking

sponging

or a combo

Question 14

what type of organisms use their mouthparts for chewing?

Answer 14

grasshoppers

caterpillars

Question 15

labrum

Answer 15

mouthpart for chewing - upper lip

Question 16

mandibles

Answer 16

mouthpart for chewing - jaws & teeth (cut & chew)

Question 17

labium

Answer 17

mouthpart for chewing - lower lip (back of mouth)

Question 18

what are the mouthparts used for chewing in insects?

Answer 18

labrum

mandibles

labium

Question 19

which parts of the mouth are used for keeping the food inside the mouth?

Answer 19

labrum & labium

Question 20

what type of insect has long & coiled mouthparts for sucking?

Answer 20

butterflies

Question 21

what type of insect has stiff mouthparts for sucking?

Answer 21

mosquito

Question 22

what type of insects suck?

Answer 22

butterflies

mosquitos (& pierce)

bed bugs (& pierce)

aphids (& pierce)

Question 23

what insects use sponging?

Answer 23

house flies, most common in flies

Question 24

describe the process of sponging in insects?

Answer 24

funnel liquid into mouth - the fleshy parts fold back, scrape at the surface to acquire liquid

Question 25

what is the common diet for insects that use sponging?

Answer 25

liquid

Question 26

describe how horseflies acquire their food?

Answer 26

cut at the surface of the skin to have the blood come up & then sponge cut & sponge

Question 27

how to insects get through a membrane to acquire their food?

Answer 27

piercing & sucking

Question 28

what type of insects cut & sponge for their food?

Answer 28

bees, horseflies

Question 29

what type of insect have large mandibles?

Answer 29

bees

Question 30

what type of insect has large & curved mandibles?

Answer 30

tiger beetles

Question 31

compound eyes

Answer 31

2 large eyes fixed focal length (lens' doesn't change, can't focus) sensitive to motion shapes colours

Question 32

what type of light can compound eyes see?

Answer 32

UV & polarized

Question 33

ommatidia

Answer 33

units & little pieces that make up the compound eyes photoreceptor cells

Question 34

how do ommatidia work?

Answer 34

all of the indiv lenses see the same image many times, but all of these images are processed at the same place --> the brain where it puts together 1 image

Question 35

how do the compound eyes control light that they encounter?

Answer 35

with pigmentation - they don't have an iris to control

Question 36

what type of insects typically use pigmentation to control incoming light?

Answer 36

predatory insects ex: dragonflies

Question 37

what insects have almost 360 vision?

Answer 37

dragonflies

Question 38

what is significant about the compound eyes of a stalk eye fly?

Answer 38

eyes are very far apart sexual characteristic (more spread out, the more attractive to the female)

Question 39

simple eyes (ocelli)

Answer 39

usually more than 1 exist in combination with compound eyes can detect the change in light intensity allowing insects to see shadows, movement etc. role in orientation can see colour & shape

Question 40

what components of an insect are found on the head?

Answer 40

mouthparts eyes antennae

Question 41

what is the role of antennae? (5)

Answer 41

motion smell balance - orientate themselves in space touch - social, communication (recognize each other) vibration (sound)

Question 42

what is characteristic about male antennae?

Answer 42

feathery - enables them to smell females

Question 43

what ornamentation do insects have on stubby antennae to increase SA?

Answer 43

lamellae (extensions)

Question 44

from bottom to top, identify the parts of the antenna

Answer 44

bottom/base - scape middle - pedicel top/tip - flagellomere (can have multiple)

Question 45

what insect has multiple flagellomeres?

Answer 45

queen bees

Question 46

what are the 3 segments of the thorax?

Answer 46

prothorax mesothorax metathorax

Question 47

describe the arrangement of the legs on an insect

Answer 47

1 pair of legs per segment on the thorax | each segment of the thorax has a pair of legs

Question 48

what is the role of the thorax?

Answer 48

power center (locomotion)

Question 49

what attaches to the thorax & how many pairs?

Answer 49

legs (1 pair per segment) wings (0, 1 or 2 pairs)

Question 50

where do the wings attach on the thorax?

Answer 50

mesothorax &/or metathorax NEVER prothorax

Question 51

spiracles

Answer 51

holes for respiration - air goes in, provides muscles with air exist on each segment of the thorax

Question 52

from the thorax to the end of the leg, list the parts of the leg

Answer 52

1 - coxa (thorax - leg) 2 - trochanter 3 - femur 4 - tibia 5 - tarsus 6-claw

Question 53

coxa

Answer 53

leg - thorax connects legs to the body

Question 54

trochanter

Answer 54

leg joint articulates coxa connected to the femur

Question 55

femur

Answer 55

long part of the leg

Question 56

tarsus

Answer 56

foot part

Question 57

claw

Answer 57

end of the foot part all insects end with a claw

Question 58

what are the modifications of the legs of insects? (7)

Answer 58

swimming - water beetle catch - praying mantis digging - mole crickets, live in the ground & make tunnels speed - long & specialized for running jumping - grasshoppers & flees gliding (on water) - unable to walk on land, ex: water striders ears on legs - tympanum, ex: Tettigoniidae (bush crickets)

Question 59

tympanum

Answer 59

ears

Question 60

how do the wings of insects vary?

Answer 60

number of pairs connected or disconnected etc. sometimes no wings at all

Question 61

what insects have coloured scales on their wings?

Answer 61

butterflies & moths

Question 62

describe the wings of beetles

Answer 62

hard wings on top & flexible wings underneath for flying the hard ones open up when flying

Question 63

what does the abdomen contain externally? (5)

Answer 63

spiracles - air ovipositors/copulatory structures - deposit eggs setae (hairs) cerci - appendages ears (tympanum)

Question 64

what does the abdomen contain internally? (3)

Answer 64

reproductive organs digestion & excretion food reserves - fat body (store food & E)

Question 65

describe the abdomen of a wasp

Answer 65

elongated

Question 66

describe the abdomen of a dragonfly

Answer 66

long