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Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what kingdom are insects in?

A

animalia

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2
Q

what phylum are insects in?

A

Arthropoda

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3
Q

what class are insects in?

A

insecta

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4
Q

how many orders of insects are there?

A

26-33

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5
Q

how many orders have ametabolous development?

A

2

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6
Q

how many orders have hemimetabolous development?

A

15

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7
Q

how many orders have holometabolous development?

A

11

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8
Q

what is the primary diff b/w nymphs & adults in ametabolous development?

A

size & presence of fully functioning organs

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9
Q

All ametabolous insects are _____

A

wingless

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10
Q

what type of development do Jumping bristletails (Archaeognatha) have?

A

ametabolous

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11
Q

how many species does Jumping bristletails (Archaeognatha) have?

A

500

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12
Q

Jumping bristletails (Archaeognatha):

diet?
habitat?
characteristic morphology?

A

Found under leaf litter, dead wood, bark etc.

Feed on algae & lichen

3 tail-like appendages

Bodies are covered in scales

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13
Q

what type of development do Sliverfish & firebrats (Zygentoma) have?

A

ametabolous

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14
Q

how many species does Sliverfish & firebrats (Zygentoma) have?

A

400

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15
Q

Sliverfish & firebrats (Zygentoma)

diet?
habitat?
characteristic morphology?

A

Certain species often found in households, considered pests

Feed on starchy materials (paper)

Bodies are covered with fine scales

3 tail-like appendages

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16
Q

what type of development do Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) have?

A

hemimetabolous

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17
Q

Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) have an _____ juvenile stage & ______ adult stage. The ____ stage is _____ lived.

A

aquatic

terrestrial

adult

short-lived

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18
Q

what do Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) feed on? what stage are they non-feeding?

A

algae & other plant material

adults

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19
Q

what is unique about Mayflies (Ephemeroptera)?

A

Only insect order that molts one additional time after having wings

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20
Q

what type of development do Damselflies & dragonflies (Odonata) have?

A

hemimetabolous

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21
Q

Damselflies & dragonflies (Odonata) have an _____ juvenile stage & ______ adult stage

A

aquatic

terrestrial

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22
Q

Damselflies & dragonflies (Odonata) are predators during what stage in their lifecycle?

A

juveniles & adults

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23
Q

what type of development do Stoneflies (Plectoptera) have?

A

hemimetabolous

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24
Q

Stoneflies (Plectoptera) have an _____ juvenile stage & ______ adult stage

A

aquatic

terrestrial

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25
are Stoneflies (Plectoptera) predatory?
can be predatory or herbivorous
26
what type of development do Earwigs (Dermaptera) have?
hemimetabolous
27
what is the diet of Earwigs (Dermaptera)?
decaying organic matter
28
what is unique about Earwigs (Dermaptera)?
large pincher, forceps-like cerci located at the tip of the abdomen
29
what type of development do Grasshoppers, crickets & katydids (Orthoptera) have?
hemimetabolous
30
are Grasshoppers, crickets & katydids (Orthoptera) predatory?
primarily herbivorous but some predators
31
why are Grasshoppers, crickets & katydids (Orthoptera) of significance to humans?
agricultrual pests (economic importance)
32
describe the diversity of Grasshoppers, crickets & katydids (Orthoptera)
highly diverse much of the diversity is tropical but also temperate as well
33
what type of development do Walking sticks & leaf insects (Phasmatodea) have?
hemimetabolous
34
are Walking sticks & leaf insects (Phasmatodea) predatory or herbivorous?
herbivorous (phytophagous)
35
describe the habitat of Walking sticks & leaf insects (Phasmatodea).
predominantly tropical one species may be present in MB
36
what type of development do Mantids (Mantodea) have?
hemimetabolous
37
describe the diversity of Mantids (Mantodea)
not diverse
38
are Mantids (Mantodea) herbivorous or predatory?
predatory - ambush predators with raptorial for legs
39
what other kind of behaviour does Mantids (Mantodea) exhibit?
mimicry behaviour
40
what type of development do Cockroaches & Termites (Blattodea) have?
hemimetabolous
41
cockroaches (Blattodea) habitat? diet? herbivore, predatory?
Primarily tropical Nocturnal scavengers, some human assoc pests Omnivores, some herbivores
42
termites (Blattodea) behaviour? diet?
Eusocial – colony forming Feed on cellulose-rich materials (wood) – done by farming protists or fungi to break down cellulose --> Decomposers
43
what type of development do lice (Psocodea) have?
hemimetabolous
44
what orders are in lice (Psocodea)?
Pthiraptera Psocoptera
45
describe Pthiraptera of lice (Psocodea)
Chewing (birds’ feathers) & sucking lice (blood of mammals)
46
describe Psocoptera of lice (Psocodea)
Bark & book lice Free-living & feed on plant material (paper & bark) Primarily tropical
47
what type of development do Thrips (Thysanoptera) have?
hemimetabolous
48
what is unique about Thrips (Thysanoptera)?
narrow hair-fringed wings
49
describe the diet of Thrips (Thysanoptera)
Primarily plant cell feeders but some are predators & parasites
50
what type of development do Bugs (Hemiptera) have?
hemimetabolous
51
what is unique about Bugs (Hemiptera) ?
All species have piercing-sucking mouthparts
52
why are Bugs (Hemiptera) of importance?
contains pest species & natural enemies
53
what are the suborders of Bugs (Hemiptera)?
Heteroptera – true bugs Sternorrhyncha – Aphids, whiteflies, scales & psyllids Auchenorrhyncha – Cicadas & hoppers
54
what is the most diverse suborder in Bugs (Hemiptera)?
heteroptera - true bugs
55
what is the same among all the suborders of Bugs (Hemiptera) studied?
all plant feeders
56
heteroptera (true bugs) - Bugs (Hemiptera) predator/herbivore? aquatic/terresterial? natural enemy/pest? unique morphological structure?
predators & omnivores aquatic natural enemy hemelytron: thickened forewing (front) with a membranous top (a feature of all members)
57
which suborder in Bugs (Hemiptera) transmits diseases?
sternorrhyncha
58
Auchenorrhyncha - Bugs (Hemiptera) habitat? diversity? behaviour?
mostly tropical very diverse mimcry
59
what are the minor hemimetabolous orders?
Webspinners (Embioptera) - soil dwelling, tropical Angel insects (Zoraptera) - soil dwelling, tropical Rock crawlers (Grylloblattodea) - discovered in Banff, still active in presence of snow, predatory Heelwalkers (Mantophasmatodea) - discovered in Nanibia, predatory
60
what type of development do Lacewings & kin (Neuroptera) have?
holometabolous
61
Lacewings & kin (Neuroptera) predatory/herbivorous? pests/natrual enemeies? importance?
predatory larvae, variable adult diets natural enemies (green & brown lacewings) & agricultural pests pollinators & feed on aphids
62
what type of development do fleas (Siphonaptera) have?
what type of development do fleas (Siphonaptera) have?
63
morphology of fleas (Siphonaptera) & why is this?
laterally compressed bodies & wingless ectoparasites - parasites have no use for wings
64
what type of development do Caddisflies (Trichoptera) have?
holometabolous
65
Caddisflies (Trichoptera) have a _____ juvenile stage & ____ adult stage
aquatic terrestrial
66
Caddisflies (Trichoptera) diet? behaviour? morphology?
diverse larval feeding stages case building behaviours in larvae hair covered wings in adults
67
what separates Caddisflies (Trichoptera) from butterflies & moths (Lepidoptera)?
have an aquatic juvenile stage
68
what type of development do Butterflies, moths & skippers (Lepidoptera) have?
holometabolous
69
Butterflies, moths & skippers (Lepidoptera) diet? morphology? importance?
Herbivorous larvae, nectar feeding adults Adults have large scale covered wings & bodies Contains many pest species but also beneficial pollinators Many agriculture & forest pests due to larvae activity
70
what is unique about Butterflies, moths & skippers (Lepidoptera)?
Adults have large scale covered wings & bodies
71
what kind of development do Flies (Diptera) have?
holometabolous
72
Flies (Diptera) morphology? habitat? importance?
Only 1 pair of wings; hind wings reduced into halteres (nob like structure) Many species with aquatic larvae Found in an incredibly diverse (& extreme) set of habitats – wide spread important pests, natural enemies & beneficial insects
73
what kind of development do Beetles (Coleoptera) have?
holometabolous
74
Beetles (Coleoptera) ``` morphology? diet? habitat? importance? diversity? ```
Forewing modified into hardened elytra hard & rigid exoskeleton primarily herbivores or predators, also some scavengers & parasites aquatic & some terrestrial pests, natural enemies & beneficial insects largest order of insects
75
what kind of development do Wasps, bees, ants & sawflies (Hymenoptera) have?
holometabolous
76
what order is viewed as the most beneficial to humans?
Wasps, bees, ants & sawflies (Hymenoptera)
77
Wasps, bees, ants & sawflies (Hymenoptera) diet? parasites? importance?
diverse food requirements parasitoids of other insects pollination, natural products, natural enemies
78
what are the minor holometabolous orders?
Alderflies, fishflies & dobsonflies (Megaloptera) Snakeflies (Raphidoptera) Scorpionflies (Mecoptera) Twisted-wing parasites (Strepsiptera)
79
Alderflies, fishflies & dobsonflies (Megaloptera) predators/herbivoires? behaviour? location? morphology of males?
aquatic predators - juvenile & larval stage adults tend to be nocturnal east & west cost males have long & non-functional mandibles
80
Snakeflies (Raphidoptera) predators/herbivores? morphology?
terresterial predators elongated neck to strike - unique
81
Scorpionflies (Mecoptera) predators/herbivores? diet? morphology?
terrestrial predators scavenge for insects killed by the snow vertically elongated face genitals are modified into the stinger of a scorpion
82
Twisted-wing parasites (Strepsiptera) predator/parastie/herbivore? behavioural mating?
parasite of insects (hymenoptera & hemiptera) sexual dimorphism males are free-living & females are primitive females remain as a parasite in the body of another insect, the male pierce’s the body & delivers sperm. The larvae feed on the host & emerges through the mother
83
what class are non-insect hexapods in?
entoghatha
84
what are the 3 orders of non-insect hexapods?
protura diplura collembola (springtails)
85
non-insect hexapods morphology? habitat? diet?
small, wingless live in soil feed on decaying organic matter & fungi
86
what are the most abundant soil dwelling hexapods?
collembola (springtails)
87
fercula & who has it?
hardened structure that they can articulate, like a spring & then they fly away collembola (springtails)
88
what is the largest order?
beetles (Coleoptera)
89
what is the smallest order?
rock crawlers (Grylloblattodea)

Insects (33 decks)

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