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Insects > Lecture 14 > Flashcards

Lecture 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Aquatic insects represent an integral part of ____ & ___ food webs

A

aquatic & terrestrial

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2
Q

In the food chain, aquatic insects are included in _____ production

A

secondary

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3
Q

What 8 orders include the bulk of aquatic insects?

A 
o	Mayflies 
o	Dragonflies & damselflies 
o	Stoneflies 
o	Bugs (Heteroptera) 
o	Alderflies, fish flies & dobsonflies 
o	Caddisflies 
o	Beetles 
o	Flies
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4
Q

which 3 orders have the most diversity?

A

Bugs, beetles & flies

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5
Q

what are the 3 common life histories observed in aquatic insects?

A
  1. Those with an aquatic juvenile & a terrestrial adult stage (leave water to mate & lay eggs)
  2. Those that spend most of all of their life in the water (adult & juveniles are aquatic)
  3. Those that spend the majority of their life in close assoc with water (semi-aquatic insects) – don’t live in the water but are closely assoc
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6
Q

what are exs of insects with an aquatic juvenile & a terrestrial adult stage (leave water to mate & lay eggs)

A

♣ Ex: mosquitos
♣ Ex: dragonflies & alderflies
♣ Ex: mayflies

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7
Q

what are exs of insects that spend most of all of their life in the water (adult & juveniles are aquatic)

A

♣ Ex: water boatmen
♣ Ex: giant water bugs
♣ Ex: aquatic beetles

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8
Q

what are exs of insects that spend the majority of their life in close assoc with water (semi-aquatic insects) – don’t live in the water but are closely assoc

A

♣ Ex: waters stridders
♣ Ex: some aphids (live on lily pads)
♣ Ex: round sand beetles

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9
Q

Variation in the _______ & _______props of aquatic habitat has shaped the evolutionary history of aquatic insects

A

physical & chem

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10
Q

what are the 2 forms of aquatic habitats?

A

lentic or lotic

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11
Q

lentic habitat & exs

A

still waters

any circulation of water is due to wind

exs: lakes, ponds, wetlands

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12
Q

lotic habitats & exs

A

flowing waters

exs: streams, rivers

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13
Q

All extant aquatic insects evolved from ______ ancestors

A

terrestrial

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14
Q

describe insect evolution

A

evolved from terrestrial ancestors. Made the transition from terrestrial habitats to aquatic multiple diff times in dif grps.

Has lead to many adaptations to overcome obstacles

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15
Q

aquatic insects evolved from ancestors with an ____ respiratory sys

A

air filled

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16
Q

why is it inefficient for insects to live in aquatic habitats>?

A

much less oxygen in water than in air

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17
Q

what is the largest obstacle faced in evolution for aquatic insects

A

obtaining sufficient oxygen in aquatic habitats

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18
Q

describe the respiratory adaptation of passive diffusion

A

insects are small (SA:V)

decres size = decres oxygen requirements

activity limited by oxygen

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19
Q

describe the respiratory adaptation of breathing tubes

A

Spiracles have a connected breathing tube to remain connected to the surface

(must remain near the surface of the water)

20
Q

what are 3 exs of insects that have breathing tubes?

A

mosquito larvae, aquatic bugs (water scorpion), water tiger

21
Q

describe the respiratory adaptation of biological gills

A

flat portions of the cuticle forming gills that increase the SA of the body

apart of tracheal sys

increases the amount of o2 they can consume

22
Q

what type of insects use biological gills?

A

when living at the bottom of a body of water

23
Q

what are exs of insects that have biological gills?

A

mayfly nymph

stoneflies

caddisflies

24
Q

describe the respiratory adaptation of physical gills

A

temporary air bubbles, obtain & hold pockets of air, breathe air from an air bubble while underwater

make bubble with hydrophobic hairs

As the insect consumes oxygen, the concentration of oxygen will be smaller in the bubble than in the water
causes passive movement of O2 & N

25
describe the respiratory adaptation of plastron
permanent air bubble maintained by a dense layer of hydrophobic hairs
26
what insect uses physical gills?
waterboatmen
27
what does a plastron enable insects to do?
permanently live under water
28
what insect has a plastron?
aquatic beetle
29
describe the respiratory adaptation of hemoglobin
hemolymph contains hemoglobin that can retain & release oxygen on demand
30
what is the most efficient adaptation for extracting oxygen from water?
hemoglobin
31
what are the forces that aquatic insects need to overcome when living in moving wateR? (3)
o Friction/viscosity o Current o Surface tension
32
buoyancy control & ex
use to adjust positioning in the water column Ex: Phantom midge – juveniles have air bubbles that through muscular contraction can expand or reduce to control their buoyancy
33
walking on water & ex
Provide enough resistance that they can generate thrust to move Ex: water striders – presence of dense brush of hydrophobic hairs causing repellency & prevent tarsi to break through surface tension of water
34
how do insects swim? & exs
pair of swimming legs with a stiff pair of hairs Ex: wriggly beetles Ex: mayflies - move like a fish Ex: backswimmers - have modified hind legs with stiff hairs
35
why is it necessary for insects to prevent moving in water?
at risk of being moved to an unsuitable habitat
36
rock hugging
Don’t swim, assoc with bottom substrate Suction cups assoc with each abdominal & thorax segment, attaches to rocks & moves slowly along them
37
flat bodied
when water is flowing over rocks, the velocity of the current rapidly approaches 0 when going closer to the rocks
38
a flat-bodied insect is the function of the _____ _____
boundary layer
39
burrowing & ex
burrow into the ground to remove themselves from the current ex: mayfly
40
case building & 2 exs
many cases act as rocks to weigh them down to prevent movement ex: bloodworm Ex: caddisflies - silk cases
41
how do insects prevent movement from water?
rock hugging flat-bodied burrowing case building
42
Aquatic insects are typically classified into ‘functional grps’ based on their______ & ______
diet & mode of feeding
43
shredders & 2 exs
eat coarse particulate matter (CPOM) make fine particulate matter available to other insects to consume ex: cranefly water ex: caddisflies
44
collecter & filter feeders & 2exs
feed on fine & ultra fine particulate matter Filter feeders – live in an envr where there’s a current constantly providing food ex: blackflies & caddisflies
45
scrapers & grazers & 3exs
feed on biofilms, algae or any organic layer that forms on the surface of logs, rocks etc. ex: mayfly, stonefly, some caddisflies
46
predators
feed on other aquatic arthropods ex: dragonfly nymph
47
describe how dragonfly nymphs feed?
breathe through gills at the rectum, pump water in & out of the rectum for respiration Have a valve that they can close to control water movement Lower lip is expandable that they can fire forward to obtain prey – close valve at the rectum, squeeze abdomen & the lower lip fires outwards

Insects (33 decks)

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