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Anatomy 3010 > Lecture 11 (Digestive System) > Flashcards

Lecture 11 (Digestive System) Flashcards

1
Q

Ailmentary canal

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

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2
Q

Accessory digestive organs

A

Teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver, pancreas

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3
Q

Digestive processes (6)

A
  1. Ingestion
  2. Propulsion
  3. Mechanical breakdown
  4. Chemical digestion
  5. Absorption
  6. Defecation
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4
Q

Ingestion

A

Through the mouth

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5
Q

Propulsion

A

Movement of food, peristalsis

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6
Q

Mechanical breakdown

A

Prepares food for chemical digestion

Chewing, churning food in stomach, segmentation

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7
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Complex molecules broken down to chemical components

Occurs in mouth, stomach and small intestine

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8
Q

Absorption

A

Transport of digested nutrients

Mainly in small intestine

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9
Q

Defecation

A

Elimination of indigestible substances as feces

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10
Q

Peristalsis

A

Adjacent segments of alimentary tract organs alternately contract and relax, moving food along the tract distally

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11
Q

Segmentation

A

Non-adjacent segments of alimentary tract organs alternately contract and relax
Moving food forward and backwards
Food is mixed and slowly propelled
Rhythmic contractions mix food with digestive juices

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12
Q

Regions of the abdomen (9)

A
  1. Right hypochondriac region
  2. Epigastric region
  3. Left hypochondriac region
  4. Right lumbar region
  5. Umbilical region
  6. Left lumbar region
  7. Right iliac (inguinal) region
  8. Hypogastric (pubic) region
  9. Left iliac (inguinal) region
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13
Q

Right hypochondriac region

A

Upper (your) right

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14
Q

Epigastric region

A

Upper middle

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15
Q

Left hypochondriac

A

Upper (your) left

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16
Q

Right lumbar region

A

Middle (your) right

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17
Q

Umbilical region

A

Middle middle

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18
Q

Left lumbar region

A

Middle (your) left

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19
Q

Right iliac (inguinal) region

A

Lower (your) right

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20
Q

Hypogastric (public region)

A

Lower middle

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21
Q

Left iliac (inguinal) region

A

Lower (your) left

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22
Q

Mid-clavicular lines

A

Divide abdomen longitudinally into 3 sections

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23
Q

Subcostal line

A

Under ribs

Upper line dividing abdominal regions

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24
Q

Trans-tubercule line

A

Lower horizontal line dividing abdominal regions

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25
Stomach divisions (3)
1. Fundus 2. Body 3. Pyloris
26
Pyloric sphincter
At bottom of stomach, designates how much fluid enters the duodenum
27
Layers of the GI tract (4)
1. Mucosa 2. Submucosa 3. Muscularis 4. Serosa
28
Mucosa (3)
Innermost layer, lumen 1. Epithelium 2. Lamina propria 3. Muscularis mucosa
29
Submucosa (3)
Next to mucosa 1. Connective tissue 2. Blood vessels 3. Nerves
30
Muscularis Externa (2)
Between submucosa and serosa 1. Inner circular layers 2. Outer longitudinal layers
31
Serosa
Outermost layer of Gi tract Peritoneum Epithelium and connective tissue
32
Epithelium of esophagus
Stratified squamous non-keratinized
33
Epithelium of stomach
Simple columnar epithelium with gastric pits
34
Epithelium of small intestine
Simple columnar epithelium with microvilli
35
Large intestine
Simple columnar epithelium with numerous goblet cells
36
Surface mucous cell
Mucosal layer of stomach | Secretes mucous
37
Mucous neck cell
Mucosal layer of stomach | Secretes mucous
38
Parietal cell
Mucosal layer of stomach | Secretes HCl and gastric intrinsic factor
39
Chief cell
Mucosal layer of stomach | Secretes pepsinogen, beginning protein digestion
40
Enteroendocrine cell (stomach)
Mucosal layer of stomach | Secretes gastrin, which stimulates secretion from parietal cells
41
Enterocyte
In small intestine | Completes digestion and absorbs nutrients across microvilli
42
Goblet cell
In small intestine | Secretes mucus
43
Enteroendocrine cell (small intestine)
Secretes secretin or cholecystokinin, which stimulates the release of bile and pancreatic juices and inhibits stomach secretions
44
Paneth cell
In small intestine | Secretes substances that destroy bacteria
45
Colonocyte
In colon | Absorbs water, electrolytes and vitamins
46
Peptic ulcers
Caused by stomach acid Parietal cells and mucous cells are in balance If there is too much HCl and not enough mucus, there will be ulcers
47
Peritoneum
Serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity
48
Peritoneal cavity
Slit like potential space between visceral and abdominal peritoneum
49
Mesentery
Double layer of peritoneum Holds organs in place Sites of fat storage Provides a route for circulatory vessels and nerves
50
Dorsal mesenteries (3)
1. Greater omentum 2. Transverse mesocolon 3. Sigmoid mesocolon
51
Greater omentum
Dorsal mesentery Connects greater curvature of stomach to posterior abdominal wall Fatty apron
52
Transverse mesocolon
Dorsal mesentery | Holds transverse colon in place
53
Sigmoidal mesocolon
Dorsal mesentery | Connects sigmoid colon to posterior pelvic wall
54
Retroperitoneal organs
Behind the peritoneum | Fixed to the wall
55
Peritoneal organs
Digestive organs that keep their mesentery
56
Intraperitoneal organs
Have movement
57
Liver
Secretes bile
58
Bile
Makes fat soluble in water, emulsifies | Stored in gallbladder
59
Hepatocyte
Functional cells of the liver
60
Portal triad (3)
1. Bile duct tributary 2. Branch of hepatic portal vein 3. Branch of hepatic artery
61
Hepatic macrophages
Destroy bacteria
62
Gallbladder
Stores and concentrates bile | Expels bile into the duodenum
63
Cholecystokinin
Released from enteroendocrine cells in response to fatty chyme
64
Jaundice
Yellowish discolouration of skin and mucous membrane Especially in sclera of the eye Due to increased levels of bilirubin in blood
65
Bilirubin
Part of heme break down | Yellow in colour
66
Circular folds of small intestine
Transverse diges of mucosa and submucosa
67
Villi (small intestine)
Fingerlike projections of the mucosa and covered with simple columnar epithelium
68
Microvilli (small intestine)
Further increase surface area for absorption
69
Large intestine
Small amount of digestion by bacteria Absorb water and electrolytes Mass peristaltic movements force feces towards rectum
70
Subdivision of large intestine
Cecum, appendix, colon, rectum, anal canal
71
Anal canal
Lined with stratified squamous epithelium
72
Hemorrhoids
Varicose veins of the hemorrhoidal veins of anal canal Straining at stool or at delivery of a baby External hemorrhoids: itchy and painful Internal hemorrhoids: not painful

Anatomy 3010 (12 decks)

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