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Anatomy 3010 > Lecture 9 > Flashcards

Lecture 9 Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Heart

A

Muscular double pump

Conical structure with apex to the left of the midline

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2
Q

Two functions of heart

A
  1. Pulmonary circuit

2. Systemic circuit

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3
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

Right side receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs

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4
Q

Systemic circuit

A

Left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps through the body

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5
Q

Superior vena cava

A

Brings blood from upper half of body

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6
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

Brings blood from lower half of body

Divided at diaphragm

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7
Q

Bicuspid/mitral valve

A

Left AV valve

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8
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Right AV valve

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9
Q

Mitral regurgitation

A

Blood flows back from left ventricle to left atrium

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10
Q

Aortic semilunar valve

A

Blood exits left ventricle

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11
Q

Pulmonary semilunar vlave

A

Blood exits right ventricle

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12
Q

Mediastinum

A

Surrounds heart

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13
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Contains heart

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14
Q

Pericardium (2)

A
  1. Fibrous pericardium

2. Serous pericardium

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15
Q

Fibrous pericardium

A

Strong layer of dense connective tissue

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16
Q

Serous pericardium

A

Formed from parietal and visceral layers

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17
Q

Layers of heart wall (3)

A
  1. Epicardium
  2. Myocardium
  3. Endocardium
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18
Q

Epicardium

A

Visceral layer of serous pericardium

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19
Q

Myocardium

A

Consists of cardiac muscle arranged in circular and spiral patterns

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20
Q

Endocardium

A

Endothelium resting on a layer of connective tissue

Lines internal walls of heart

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21
Q

Atria

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A

Receive blood from the pulmonary and systemic circuits

22
Q

Ventricles

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A

Pumping chambers of the heart

23
Q

Internal heart divisions (2)

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A
  1. Inter-ventricular septa

2. Inter-atrial septa

24
Q

External heart markings (3)

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A
  1. Coronary sulcus
  2. Anterior inter-ventricular sulcus
  3. Posterior inter-ventricular sulcus
25
Right atrium
Receives oxygen-poor blood from systemic circuit Pentinate muscles give it ridges Fossa ovalis Tricuspid valve connects it to ventricle
26
Fossa ovalis
Depression in right inter-atrial septum | Remnant of foramen ovale
27
Right ventricle
Receives blood from right atrium through right AV valve (tricuspid valve) Pumps blood into pulmonary circuit Trabeculae carnae: elevations in ventricle like pectinate muscles Papillary muscles open valves
28
Trabeculae carnae
Elevations in the ventricle, similar to pectinate muscles
29
Papillary muscles
Larger, prominent trabeculae, makes cusps move | Connected to tricuspid valve by chordae tendineae
30
Chordae tendineae
Cord-like tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and mitral valve in the heart
31
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Located at opening of right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
32
Left atrium
Makes up hearts posterior surface Receives oxygen-rich blood from lungs through pulmonary veins Opens into the left ventricle via bicuspid valve
33
Left ventricle
Forms apex of heart | Contains trabeculae carnae, papillary muscles, and chordae tenineae
34
Heart valves
Each composed of endocardium with connective tissue core
35
Lub (of lub-dup)
AV valves closing
36
Dub (of lub-dup)
Semilunar valves closing
37
Cardiac muscle tissue
Forms myocardium | Contracts by sliding filament mechanism
38
Cardiac muscle cells
Short and branching One or two nuceli Joined at intercalated discs Two types of cell junctions: fasciae adherens and gap junctions
39
Intercalated discs
Complex junction to form cellular networks
40
Fasciae adherens
Desmosome-like junctions
41
Vagus nerve
Parasympathetic fibers that decrease heart rate
42
Cervical sympathetic chain
Sympathetic nerves that increase heart rate and strength of contraction
43
Coronary arteries
Arise from base of aorta | Left and right
44
Left coronary artery
AKA anterior inter-ventricular artery or left anterior descending artery
45
Right coronary artery
AKA posterior inter-ventricular artery or posterior descending artery
46
Coronary artery disease
Atherosclerosis, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, silent ischemia, arrhythmias, congest cardiac failure
47
Atherosclerosis
Fatty deposits inside lumen of blood vessels
48
Angina pectoris
Chest pain
49
Myocardial infarction
Blocked coronary artery, heart attack
50
Coronary artery bypass graft
Bypass block to allow blood flow to where it needs to go
51
Congenital heart defects
Traced to 2 months of development Most common defect is ventricular septal defect Two categories: 1. Inadequately oxygenated blood reaches body tissues 2. Ventricles labor under increased workload

Anatomy 3010 (12 decks)

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