Lecture 8

Question 1

Major types of blood vessels (3)

Answer 1

1. Arteries
2. Capillaries
3. Veins

Question 2

Arteries

Answer 2

Carry blood away from heart

Question 3

Capillaries

Answer 3

The smallest blood vessels
RBC pass through single file
Site specific functions

Question 4

Veins

Answer 4

Recieve blood from venules and bring it back to heart

Question 5

Three layers of blood vessels

Answer 5

Called tunics

1. Tunica intima
2. Tunica media
3. Tunica externa

Question 6

Tunica intima

Answer 6

Innermost and comprises of simple squamous epithelium

Question 7

Tunica media

Answer 7

Sheets of smooth muscle and elastic fibers

Vasocontraction/dilation

Question 8

Tunica externa

Answer 8

Composed of connective tissue and vasa vasorum

Question 9

Vase vasorum

Answer 9

Blood vessels to supply blood vessels

Question 10

Types of arteries (3)

Answer 10

1. Elastic
2. Muscular
3. Arterioles

Question 11

Elastic arteries

Answer 11

Largest arteries
Includes aorta and major branches
Sometimes called conducting arteries
High elastin content (dampens surge of blood pressure)
Allows for continuous blood supply to tissue (instead of intermittenly due to pumping)

Question 12

Muscular arteries

Answer 12

Distributing arteries
Lie distal to elastic arteries
Includes most named arteries
Tunica media is thick

Question 13

Types of capillaries (3)

Answer 13

1. Continuous
2. Fenestrated
3. Sinusoid

Question 14

Continuous capillary

Answer 14

Least permeable, most common

Intercellular clefts: tight

Question 15

Fenestrated capillary

Answer 15

Large fenestrations, increased permeability

Occurs in areas of active absorption or filtration

Question 16

Sinusoid capillary

Answer 16

Most permeable
Occurs in specialized locations (liver, bone marrow, spleen)
Wide open intercellular cleft

Question 17

Venules

Answer 17

Smallest veins, join to form veins

Question 18

Veins

Answer 18

Larger lumen then arteries
Thicker tunica externa
Less elastin in walls
Walls thinner than comparable arteries

Question 19

Valves

Answer 19

Prevent backflow of blood

Question 20

Skeletal muscle pump

Answer 20

Muscles press against thin-walled veins

Question 21

Pulmonary trunk

Answer 21

Leaves right ventricle

Divides into right and left pulmonary arteries

Question 22

Superior and inferior pulmonary veins

Answer 22

Carry oxygenated blood into the left atrium

Question 23

Vessels of pulmonary circuit

Answer 23

Thinner walls than systemic vessels

Arterial pressure lower in pulmonary circuit

Question 24

Systemic circulation

Answer 24

Systemic arteries, carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

Question 25

Aorta

Answer 25

Largest artery in body | Divides into left and right common iliac arteries in abdomen

Question 26

Ascending aorta

Answer 26

Arises from the left ventricle, branches into coronary arteries

Question 27

Aortic arch (3)

Answer 27

``` Lies posterior to the manubrium Branches into: 1. Brachiocephalic trunk 2. Left common carotid 3. Left subclavian artery ```

Question 28

Descending aorta

Answer 28

Continues from aortic arch | Thoracic and abdominal aorta

Question 29

Abdominal aorta

Answer 29

Divides into right and left common iliac arteries

Question 30

Carotid arteries

Answer 30

Pair of arteries supplying head and neck

Question 31

Brachial artery

Answer 31

In inner elbow

Question 32

Radial artery

Answer 32

In inner wrist

Question 33

Superficial temporal artery

Answer 33

In temple

Question 34

Facial artery

Answer 34

In cheek/jaw

Question 35

Femoral artery

Answer 35

Inner pelvis

Question 36

Popliteal artery

Answer 36

Behind knee

Question 37

Posterior tibial artery

Answer 37

Inner ankle

Question 38

Dorsalis pedis artery

Answer 38

Top of foot

Question 39

Anastomoses

Answer 39

Neighbouring vessels interconnecting Too prevent loss of blood flow to tissue ie. Circle of Willis in the brain

Question 40

Systemic veins

Answer 40

Accompany all medium and large arteries Superficial veins lie just beneath the skin Unusual patterns of venous drainage (dural sinuses, hepatic portal system)

Question 41

Vena cava (2)

Answer 41

1. Superior vena cava | 2. Inferior vena cava

Question 42

Superior vena cava

Answer 42

Returns blood from body regions superior to the diaphragm | Drains into the right atrium

Question 43

Inferior vena cava

Answer 43

Returns blood form body regions inferior to the diaphragm | Drains into the right atrium

Question 44

Superficial veins of the limbs

Answer 44

Visible beneath the skin

Question 45

Superficial veins of the upper limb

Answer 45

Cephalic, basalic vein | Median cubital vein (used to obtain blood or administer IV fluids)

Question 46

Superficial veins of the lower limb

Answer 46

Great saphenous vein (used in coronary artery bypass graph) | Small saphenous vein

Question 47

Hepatic portal system

Answer 47

Specialized part of the vascular circuit Picks up digested nutrients and delivers them tot he liver for processing Two capillary beds: 1st to stomach and intestines, 2nd to liver sinusoid

Question 48

Varicose veins

Answer 48

``` Dilated and tortuous superfical veins Become highly twisted and visible Valves stop functioning Usually in greater or small saphenous veins Massive bleeding of ruptured ```

Question 49

Disorders of blood vessels (6)

Answer 49

1. Aneurysm 2. Deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb 3. Venous disease 4. Microangiopathy of diabetes 5. Arteriovenous malformation 6. Atherosclerosis