Lecture 13

Question 1

What are the three general functions of blood?

Answer 1

Transport, Immune response, coagulation

Question 2

What are the general functions of blood - transport?

Answer 2

Deliver O2, water and nutrients; Remove CO2 and waste; carry ions associated with pH and homeostasis; Heat; Hormones; deliver Immune cells and coagulation factors

Question 3

What are the general functions of blood - immune?

Answer 3

Fight infection and production of the immune response largely via white blood cells

Question 4

What are the general functions of blood - coagulation?

Answer 4

For preventing bleeding via platelets and ‘coagulation factors’ in plasma

Question 5

What is the composition of blood?

Answer 5

55% Plasma and 45% Formed elements

Question 6

What is the relationship between blood volume and body mass?

Answer 6

Generally proportional

Question 7

What is plasma?

Answer 7

Liquid component of blood

Question 8

What is plasma composed of?

Answer 8

Water, plasma proteins and other solutes

Question 9

What are the formed elements?

Answer 9

Cells and cell fragments

Question 10

What are the three types of formed elements?

Answer 10

Platelets, white blood cells and red blood cells

Question 11

What are platelets?

Answer 11

Cell fragments

Question 12

What is hematopoiesis?

Answer 12

The fraction of blood occupied by red blood cells

Question 13

Where is hematopoiesis initiated?

Answer 13

In the red bone marrow which contains hemocytoblasts

Question 14

What are hemocytoblasts?

Answer 14

The blood stem cells that are progenitors for all blood cells

Question 15

What is the shape of the red blood cell?

Answer 15

Biconcave disc shape

Question 16

What is the function of the shape of the red blood cell?

Answer 16

To have a large surface area : volume ratio, allow for efficient diffusion of gases and be flexible for movement through narrow capillaries

Question 17

What is the make up of the red blood cell?

Answer 17

1/3 of weight is hemoglobin which used iron as part of the haem to bind O2. 4x haem so 4x O2 binding sites

Question 18

What is hematocrit / PCV

Answer 18

The fraction of blood occupied by the red blood cells

Question 19

What does PCV stand for?

Answer 19

Packed cell volume

Question 20

What does anemic mean?

Answer 20

Low levels of RBC in blood

Question 21

What does polycythemic mean?

Answer 21

High levels of RBC in blood

Question 22

What is erythropoiesis?

Answer 22

The generation of red blood cells

Question 23

What is erythropoietin (EPO)?

Answer 23

The chemical released within the system to stimulate more RBCs

Question 24

What does erythropoiesis require?

Answer 24

Iron to make haemoglobin

Question 25

What is erythropoiesis augmented by?

Answer 25

Testosterone

Question 26

Why does altitude have an effect on erythropoiesis?

Answer 26

There is less O2 available in the air

Question 27

What are the short-term effects of high altitudes with erythropoiesis?

Answer 27

Increased heart and breathing rate

Question 28

What are the long-term effects of high altitudes with erythropoiesis?

Answer 28

Kidneys release more EPO to stimulate the production of more RBCs -> increased hematocrit!