Lecture 16

Question 1

What are the body cavities?

Answer 1

Thoracic cavity and Abdominal cavity

Question 2

What is the lining of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 2

Pericardium and 2x pleura

Question 3

What is the lining of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 3

Peritoneum

Question 4

What are the two layers of the pleura?

Answer 4

Visceral pleura and parietal pleura

Question 5

What is the mediastinum?

Answer 5

Area within the thoracic cavity which contains the heart, vessels and pericardium

Question 6

What are the pleural cavities?

Answer 6

Area of the thoracic cavity which contains the lungs

Question 7

What is the anterior boundary of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 7

Sternum

Question 8

What is the posterior boundary of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 8

Thoracic vertebrae

Question 9

What is the lateral boundary of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 9

Ribs

Question 10

What is the superior boundary of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 10

Base of the neck

Question 11

What is the inferior boundary of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 11

diaphragm

Question 12

What is the pleural cavity?

Answer 12

The space between the parietal and visceral pleura which is filled with pleural fluid

Question 13

Why are there two plural cavities, one for each lung?

Answer 13

So if one stops functioning the other can continue

Question 14

What is boyle’s law?

Answer 14

Pressure is inversely proportional to volume

Question 15

How is pressure measured?

Answer 15

The frequency of the collisions of particles against the contains walls

Question 16

Where will air flow?

Answer 16

To a lower pressure space

Question 17

When the lungs increase in volume where will air flow?

Answer 17

It flows in

Question 18

When the lungs decrease in volume where will air flow?

Answer 18

It flows out

Question 19

What type of cartilage joins the sternum to the ribs?

Answer 19

Costal cartilage (hyaline)

Question 20

What are the three sternum to rib joints?

Answer 20

Sternocostal, costochondral, interchondral

Question 21

What is the sternocostal joint?

Answer 21

A synovial joint (except first - cartilaginous) that connects the sternum to cartilage

Question 22

What is the costochondral joint?

Answer 22

Cartilaginous joints between the ribs and cartilage

Question 23

What is the interchondral joint?

Answer 23

A synovial joint that joins cartilage to cartilage

Question 24

What are the two rib to vertebrae joints?

Answer 24

Costotransverse and costovertebral

Question 25

What is the costotransverse joint?

Answer 25

A synovial joint articulating between the rib and transverse process of the vertebrae

Question 26

What is the costovertebral joint?

Answer 26

A synovial joint articulating between the ribs and body of vertebrae

Question 27

What are the primary muscles of respiration?

Answer 27

Diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Question 28

What are the accessory muscles

Answer 28

Extra muscles involved in respiration that are only active when you need them

Question 29

What is the diaphragm?

Answer 29

A sheet of skeletal muscle that separates the thorax from the abdomen. It is dome-shaped when relaxed and flattens when contracted to expand the thoracic cavity and compress abdomen

Question 30

What are the intercostal muscles?

Answer 30

Skeletal muscle which attaches diagonally between ribs. External and internal intercostals

Question 31

What is the function of the external intercostals?

Answer 31

To lift the ribcage and expand the cavity. Inspiration - quiet and forced

Question 32

What is the function of the internal intercostals?

Answer 32

To depress the ribcage and decrease the cavity. Expiration - forced only

Question 33

What are the accessory muscles?

Answer 33

Several muscles that attach to the thoracic cage. Some increase cavity volume for forced inspiration and other decrease the cavity volume for forced expiration

Question 34

What happens during normal quiet inspiration?

Answer 34

The diaphragm contracts and flattens. External intercostals contract to lift ribs

Question 35

What happens during active forced inspiration?

Answer 35

The diaphragm contracts and flattens. External intercostals contract to lift ribs. Plus accessory muscles contract to further expand cavity

Question 36

What happens during normal quiet expiration?

Answer 36

Is a passive process. Diaphragm relaxes to return to dome shape. External intercostals relax and ribs fall

Question 37

What happens during active forced expiration?

Answer 37

Diaphragm relaxes to return to dome shape. External intercostals relax and ribs fall. Internal intercostals contract to depress ribs and accessory muscles contract to further decrease cavity volume

Question 38

What are the lungs made from?

Answer 38

Elastic tissue

Question 39

What is the function of the pleura in terms of the expansion of the lungs?

Answer 39

It makes the lungs stuck to the thoracic wall, making them expand and recoil while breathing

Question 40

What are the three layers of pleura?

Answer 40

Parietal, visceral and fluid space

Question 41

Where does the visceral pleura lie?

Answer 41

On the lungs

Question 42

Where does the parietal pleura lie?

Answer 42

On the thoracic wall

Question 43

What is between the parietal and visceral pleura?

Answer 43

The pleural fluid that reduces friction from movement and causes the lungs to stick to the thoracic wall