Lecture 15: Muscles ( in Head and Neck)

Question 1

What are the ways to classify skeletal muscles

Answer 1

1. shape
2. location
3. attachment
4. number of heads
5. function
6. direction of fibers
7. size

Question 2

Name a few muscles classified by shape

Answer 2

deltoid, trapezius, rhomboid

Question 3

Name a few muscles classified by location

Answer 3

pectoral, intercostal, brachial

Question 4

Name a few muscles classified by attachment

Answer 4

sternocleidomastoid bone

Question 5

Name a few muscles classified by number of heads

Answer 5

triceps and biceps

Question 6

Name a few muscles classified by the function

Answer 6

flexor and extensor muscles

Question 7

Name a few muscles classified by the direction of the fibers

Answer 7

rectus abdominis and transverse abdominis

Question 8

Name a few muscles classified by the size

Answer 8

gluteus maximus ,vactus lateralis

Question 9

How many muscle tissues do we have

Answer 9

three

1. skeletal
2. smooth
3. cardiac

Question 10

What are the 4 major features of a skeletal muscles

Answer 10

1. function
2. innervation
3. origin
4. insertion

Question 11

Origin of muscle:

Answer 11

attachment of the muscle that typically remains stationary during contraction

Question 12

Insertion of muscle:

Answer 12

attachment of muscle that typically moves during contraction

Question 13

Function of the muscle:

Answer 13

movement due to muscle contraction: the distance between the origin and insertion typically become closer during contraction
- muscles may try to bring the insertion and origin to the same plane

Question 14

Innervation of the muscle:

Answer 14

skeletal muscles are typically governed by the somatic nervous system of the spinal and cranial nerves

Question 15

What is the main muscle in the scalp

Answer 15

occipitofrontalis muscle

Question 16

What characterizes superficial muscles

Answer 16

one end is attached to the skin ( so those at the facial region are responsible for the facial expression)

Question 17

What are the cavities that the muscles surround in the facial region

Answer 17

1. nasal cavity
2. orbital cavity
3. cranial cavity

Question 18

Name the components of the occipitofrontalis

Answer 18

frontal and occipital bellies that is connected by the galea aponeurotica ( and attached to the skin)

Question 19

What is responsible for the wrinkles and eyebrow movement

Answer 19

frontal belly

Question 20

What innervates the epicranius ( occipitofrontalis)

Answer 20

Cranial nerve 7

Question 21

Oribucularis oculi

1. function
2. where

Answer 21

1. can squeeze eyes, opens the nasolacrimal duct

2. around the eyes

Question 22

What happens when the nasalis muscles contract

Answer 22

causes the nostrils to flare

Question 23

Oribicularis oris

1. function
2. where

Answer 23

1. purses lips

2. surrounds the oral fissure, opens mouth

Question 24

What innervates all the superficial muscles in the facial region

Answer 24

CN 7

Question 25

How many muscles of mastication are there?

Answer 25

four muscles

Question 26

What are the muscles of mastication

Answer 26

1. masseter muscle 2. temporalis muscle 3. medial pterygoid muscles 4. lateral pterygoid muscles

Question 27

Where is a definite attachments of the muscles of mastication

Answer 27

mandible

Question 28

Origin and insertion of the temporalis muscle

Answer 28

origin: temporal fossa insertion: coronoid process of mandible function: elevates mandible

Question 29

Origin, insertion and function of the masseter muscle

Answer 29

origin: zygomatic arch insertion: ramus of mandible function: clenches teeth

Question 30

Origin, insertion and function of the medial muscle

Answer 30

origin: sphenoid bone insertion: medial surface of the ramus function: elevates muscle

Question 31

What joint is locked when your mouth is closed

Answer 31

temporomandibular joint

Question 32

What has to happen for your mouth to open

Answer 32

the mandible has to be open

Question 33

How many extra-occular muscles are there?

Answer 33

There are 7 extra-occular muscles

Question 34

What muscle works to open the eye

Answer 34

levator palpebrae superioris

Question 35

What nerves innervate the levator palpebrae superioris

Answer 35

sympathetic fibers and cranial nerve 3

Question 36

What skeletal muscle is the only skeletal muscle that gets innervated by sympathetic fibers

Answer 36

levator palpebrae superioris

Question 37

Which segment of the spinal cord supplies sympathetic fibers for the head and neck

Answer 37

T1

Question 38

Where does the T1 spinal cord segment sit

Answer 38

near the lungs, so ptosis occurs when you have a tumor to the lung - because the lung sits close to T1 segments

Question 39

What is the laryngeal elevators

Answer 39

Muscles of the pharynx that causes larynx elevation

Question 40

how are the pharyngeal muscles grouped?

Answer 40

inner longitudinal and outer circular muscles

Question 41

What CN innervates the pharyngeal muscles?

Answer 41

CN 10

Question 42

What muscle constricts the pharynx and may cause hypoxia?

Answer 42

pharyngeal constrictors

Question 43

Origin, insertion and function of muscles of the soft palate

Answer 43

origin: base of cranium insertion: soft palate function: elevate, depress or stretch soft palate , t prevent food from entering nasal cavity

Question 44

What innervates the muscles of the soft palate

Answer 44

CN 10

Question 45

How many muscles are there in the tongue?

Answer 45

19

Question 46

How are muscles in the tongue classified ?

Answer 46

Intrinsic: both origin and insertion inside the tongue Extrinsic: origin originates outside the tongue and insert inside the tongue

Question 47

What CN innervates muscles of the tongue

Answer 47

CN 12

Question 48

What are the superficial muscles of the neck

Answer 48

1. sternocleidomastoid (SCM) 2. infrahyoid muscles 3. suprahyoid muscles

Question 49

Origin, Insertion, function and innervation of the SCM

Answer 49

Sternocleidomuscle: originates: sternum and clavicle insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone function: extends neck and rotates the head contra-laterally innervated: CN 11