Lecture 19. Muscles in the leg and thigh and feet

Question 1

How are muscles in the lower limb divided?

Answer 1

gluteal, thigh, leg and foot

Question 2

Name 3 superficial muscles in the gluteal region

Answer 2

1. gluteal maximus
2. gluteal minimis
3. gluteal medius

Question 3

What is the O,I,F,I of the gluteus maximus

Answer 3

O: posterior surface of the sacrum AND lateral surface of the ilium
I: lateral tibial condyle, greater trochanter
F: stability of knee, extension of hip joint
I: sacral plexus, inferior gluteal nerve

Question 4

What is the O,I,F,I of the gluteus medius

Answer 4

O: external surface of the ilium
I: lateral surface of the greater trochanter
F: abduction of hip
I: superior gluteal nerve from sacral plexus

Question 5

What is the O,I,F,I of the gluteus minimus

Answer 5

O: lateral surface of the ilium
I: anterior surface of the greater trochanter
F: flexion of the hip joint
I:superior gluteal nerve from sacral plexus

Question 6

What is a muscle of the deep group of the gluteal region

Answer 6

piriformis

Question 7

What is the O,I,F,I

Answer 7

O: anterior surface of the sacrum
I: greater trochanter of the femur 
(the origin passes through the greater sciatic notch) 
F: lateral  rotation of the hip joint 
I: sacral plexus

Question 8

What are the compartments of the thigh

Answer 8

anterior, medial and posterior compartments

Question 9

What are the functions of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 9

extensor muscles

Question 10

What innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh

Answer 10

femoral nerve

Question 11

What is the function of the medial compartment of the thigh

Answer 11

adductor of hip joint

Question 12

What innervates the medial compartment of the thigh

Answer 12

obturator nerve

Question 13

What is the function of the posterior compartment of the thigh (hamstrings)

Answer 13

flexion of the knee

Question 14

What innervates the posterior compartment of the knee

Answer 14

sciatic nerve

Question 15

Name 3 muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh

Answer 15

iliopsoas
sartorius
quadriceps ( have 4 heads)

Question 16

What are the anterior muscles of the thigh that does not participate in flexion?

Answer 16

sartorius, iliopsoas

Question 17

What is the O,I,F,I of sartorius muslce

Answer 17

O: ASIS
I: medial surface of tibia
F: rotates hip joint laterally, flexes hip, flexes knee
I: femoral nerve

Question 18

What is the O,I,F,I of the quadriceps

Answer 18

O: hip bone , femur
I: patella (knee cap): but the filament continues to attach to the tibial tuberosity ( final destination)
F: extension of the knee
I: femoral nerve

Question 19

What is a muscle in the medial compartment of the thigh

Answer 19

adductor longus and adductor magnus

Question 20

What is the O,I,F,I of the adductor longus

Answer 20

O: pubis
I: linea aspera (rough line)
F: adduction of hip joint
I: obturator

Question 21

What is the O,I,F,I of the adductor magnus

Answer 21

O: ischiopubic ramus + ischial tuberosity / pubic bone
I: adductor tubercle
F: adduction and extension of hip joint
I: obturator and sciatic nerve

Question 22

What is the largest muscle in the adductor compartment

Answer 22

adductor magnus

Question 23

What is the O,I,F,I of the biceps femoris

Answer 23

O:
(long head: ischial tuberosity; short head: linea aspera )
I:head of fibula
F: PRIME MOVER:flexor of knee; extension of hip
I: sciatic nerve

Question 24

What are the main muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg

Answer 24

tibialis anterior

Question 25

What is the O,I,F,I of the tibialis anterior

Answer 25

O: tibia I: medial cuneiform & base of 1st metatarsal F: PRIME MOVER: inversion of foot; dorsi flexion I: deep fibular nerve

Question 26

What are the compartments of the leg, name their compartment functions and the innervration

Answer 26

3 compartments. anterior: dorsi flexion of ankles, extend toes ; fibular nerve posterior: plantar flexion of toes and ankles; tibial nerve lateral: evertor of the ankle joint; superficial fibular nerve

Question 27

What is the O,I,F,I of the gastrocnemius

Answer 27

O: femoral condyles ( both heads) I: calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon F: plantar flexion of the ankle I: tibial

Question 28

What is the O,I,F,I of the tibia posterior

Answer 28

O: posterior aspect of tibia and fibula I: all tarsal bones except talus F: plantar flexion of the ankle joint and inversion of foot I: tibial nerve

Question 29

What is the O,I,F,I of the fibularis longus

Answer 29

O: lateral side of fibula I: medial cuneiform of the 1st metatarsal F: PRIME MOVER of foot eversion I: superficial fibular

Question 30

How many layers of muscles are there on the foot

Answer 30

4 layers 1st layer: abduction of 1st and 5th toe, flex all 2-5. 2nd layer: flex toes 2-5 3rd layer: flex 1st and 5th toes and adduct the 1st toes 4th layer: adductor and abductor of all toes

Question 31

What are the 3 transitional areas of the lower limb

Answer 31

1. femoral triangle: femoral nerve, vein and artery passes through this 2. popliteal fossa: tibial and fibular nerve , artery and vein 3.tarsal tunnel: