Lecture 10. CNS

Question 1

What divides the right and left hemisphere of the cerebellum

Answer 1

vermis

Question 2

What are the anatomical lobes of the cerebellum

Answer 2

anterior lobe and posterior lobe

Question 3

What structure divides the lobes of the cerebellum

Answer 3

primary fissure

Question 4

What are the foldings of the cerebellum called

Answer 4

folia

Question 5

What do you call structures that connect the brainstem to the cerebellum

Answer 5

cerebellar peduncles

Question 6

What are the subsections of the cerebellar peduncles?What are their functions?

Answer 6

1. superior cerebellar peduncle: connects the cerebellum to the midbrain ( red nucleus) and thalamus
2. middle cerebellar peduncle: connects the cerebellum to the pontine nuclei of the pons
3. inferior cerebellar peduncle: connects the cerebellum to the medulla and spinal cord

Question 7

What is the white matter of the cerebellum called

Answer 7

arbor vitae

Question 8

What is the largest nucleus of the cerebellum called?

Answer 8

cerebellar nucleus

Question 9

What is the function of the cerebellum

Answer 9

coordinates involuntary movements, allows smooth performance of movements, needed to maintain balance and posture

Question 10

What is the name of the test used to check for cerebellar damage

Answer 10

dysdiadoco kinesia

Question 11

What is the definition of the diencepthalon

Answer 11

structures surrounding the 3rd cerebral ventricle

Question 12

What are the 3 main components in the diencepthalon

Answer 12

1. thalamus
2. hypothalamus
3. epithalamaus ( contains your pineal body/gland)

Question 13

What is the thalamus

Answer 13

It is made up of several nuclei and it acts as a relay center for different senses ( except for smell)

Question 14

What connects your 3rd and 4th ventricle?

Answer 14

cerebral aqueduct

Question 15

What is the only sense that does not get read by the thalamus

Answer 15

smell

Question 16

What is the hypothalamus

Answer 16

A group of nuclei - controls emotions, blood pressure and autonomic nervous system.

Question 17

What is the function of the epithalamus (pineal gland

Answer 17

colour of your skin

circadian rhythm

Question 18

What are the sulcus that are part of your cerebrum

Answer 18

1. central sulcus
2. lateral sulcus
3. parieto-occipital sulcus

Question 19

What separates the right and left hemisphere

Answer 19

longitudinal fissure

Question 20

What separates folds of the gray matter

Answer 20

gyri

Question 21

What is a sulcus ( on the cerebrum)

Answer 21

groove sitting beside 2 adjacent gyri

Question 22

How many lobes are there in the cerebrum

Answer 22

1. frontal lobe
2. pariental lobe
3. occipital lobe
4. temporal lobe

Question 23

What bounds the frontal lobe

Answer 23

lateral and central sulci

Question 24

What is the function of the frontal lobe

Answer 24

It is the motor part of the brain – all the motor impulses start from the frontal lobe. It is the center for judgement. It is the center for personality. Math operation.

Question 25

The parietal lobe is bounded by what sulci

Answer 25

central sulcus, lateral sulcus and parieto-occipital sulcus

Question 26

What is the function of the parietal

Answer 26

Parietal receives general sensation: pain, touch and temperature

Question 27

What is the function of the temporal lobe

Answer 27

Receives sense of taste,memory and hearing | - after 30 years old, 10000 neurons die daily, ( lost from short term memories)

Question 28

What is the function of the occipital lobe

Answer 28

It receives visual sense

Question 29

What are the components of the basal ganglia?

Answer 29

``` caudate nucleus ( arches over the thalamus) lentiform nucleus (lateral to the thalamus) ```

Question 30

Where is the basal ganglia located?

Answer 30

in the brain

Question 31

What are the 3 different types of nerve fibers in the brain

Answer 31

1. commisural fibers 2. projection fibers 3. association fibers

Question 32

What are the 2 subunits of the lentiform nucleus

Answer 32

1. putamen | 2. globus pallidus

Question 33

What is the function of the commisural fiber

Answer 33

connects the similar area of the left and right cortexes

Question 34

What is the function of projection fibers. example?

Answer 34

It connects the cerebrum to lower centers ( such as the spinal cord/pons/brain stem/cerebellum etc). ex: internal capsule

Question 35

What is the function of basal ganglia?

Answer 35

It inhibits inefficient movements. it coordinates involuntary movements

Question 36

What is the function of association fibers

Answer 36

connect left OR right cortex/hemisphere together connects 2 points on the same hemisphere

Question 37

What are the openings of the 4th ventricle?

Answer 37

1. median aperture | 2. lateral aperture

Question 38

What are the subunits of the lateral ventricle

Answer 38

1. frontal /anterior horn 2. occipital / posterior horn 3. temporal/ inferior horn

Question 39

What connects the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle to the 3rd ventrcle

Answer 39

Interventricular foramen

Question 40

What is the function of the system of ventricles

Answer 40

The ventricles produce and transport the CSF. CSF leaves the ventricle to enter the subarachnoid space

Question 41

What is the function of the median aperture which has 2 lateral aperture

Answer 41

it siphons CSF from the 4th ventricle to the subarachnoid space.

Question 42

What are the 3 layers of connective tissue covering the spinal cord and the brain

Answer 42

1. dura mater ( dense irregular CT) 2. arachnoid mater (loose CT) 3. pia mater (loose CT) : thin layer

Question 43

What is the function of the dura mater

Answer 43

mechanical protection

Question 44

What is the function of arachnoid mater

Answer 44

circulates CSF ( NOT produce)

Question 45

What is the function of the pia mater

Answer 45

It carries blood vessel to depth of nerves

Question 46

When is the space between the arachnoid and the dura space seen

Answer 46

when there is bleeding and hemorrhaging

Question 47

What is the subarachnoid space

Answer 47

It is the space between the pia and arachnoid filled with CSF

Question 48

What are the 2 layers of the dura in the skull

Answer 48

1. periosteal layer | 2. and menningeal layer

Question 49

What can separate the periosteal and menningeal layer

Answer 49

Sinus- which is a dilated vein that collects venous blood from the brain.

Question 50

What is the function of the sinus

Answer 50

they receive projections from the arachnoid- they are arachnoid villus which acts as a unidirectional valve that allows the drainage of the sinuses, they don't allow blood to go back to the subarachnoid space