Lecture 23 - Upper Limb 2

Question 0

What are some general roles of fascia?

Answer 0

Deep fascia: surround individual muscles as well as muscle compartments

Fascial septa: separate compartments

Question 1

What are the names of the fascia of the arm and forearm?

Answer 1

Arm: brachial fascia
Forearm: antebrachial

Question 2

What are fascia made up of?

Answer 2

Fibrous connective tissue

Question 3

What is the name of the fascia between the radius and the ulna

Answer 3

Interosseus membrane

Question 4

What is the role of the interosseus membrane?

Answer 4

Separate flexor and extensor compartments

Provides muscle attachments

Holds these two bones together

Distribution of forces (ie during a fall)

Question 5

What is the name of the things that form the roof of the ‘carpal tunnel’?

Answer 5

Flexor retinaculum

Question 6

What is contained in the carpal tunnel ?

Answer 6

Tendons of the flexor muscles

Median nerve

Question 7

Which muscles of the back are the prime movers of the shoulder girdle and shoulder joint?

Answer 7

Rhomboids
Levator scapulae
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi

Question 8

Which anterior muscles act on the upper limbs?

Answer 8

Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior

Question 9

What is the role of serratus anterior?

Answer 9

Holds the scapulae to the body wall

Question 10

What are the shoulder/ fixator muscles?

Answer 10

Deltoid
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis

Question 11

Which movements does pectoralis major bring about?

Answer 11

Powerful flexion of the shoulder

Question 12

What are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 12

Biceps
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

Question 13

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 13

Triceps

Question 14

What action do the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm bring about?

Answer 14

Flexion

Question 15

What action do the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm bring about?

Answer 15

Extension

Question 16

What are the two layers of muscles in the forearm?

Answer 16

Deep, intermediate and superficial

Question 17

Where is the common flexor origin of muscles in the forearm?

Answer 17

Medial epichondyle

Question 18

What are the superficial muscles of the forearm?

Answer 18

pronator teres (PT)*
Flexor carpi radialis (FCR)
Palmaris longus (PL)
Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)

Question 19

What are the muscles in the intermediate layer of the forearm?

Answer 19

Flexor digitum superficialis

Question 20

Movement of the fingers is due to the … Muscle.

How do the tendons come into each individual finger?

Answer 20

Flexor digitum superficialis

The tendon from the FDS splits before entering

Question 21

What are the deep muscles of the forearm?

Answer 21

flexor pollicis (thumb) longus (FPL)
flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) 
pronator quadratus (PQ)

Question 23

Where is the common extensor origin of the muscles of the forearm?

Answer 23

Lateral epichondyle

Question 24

Muscles in which layer of the forearm are longer?

Answer 24

Muscles in the superficial layer

Question 25

How many layers of muscle are there in the posterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 25

Two

Question 26

What is the function of the 'extensor carpi' muscles?

Answer 26

Extend the wrist

Question 27

What is the function of the 'extensor digitorum' muscles?

Answer 27

Extension of the digits

Question 28

What are the general functions of the muscles in the superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 28

Extension of the fingers and wrist

Question 29

What are the general functions of the muscles in the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 29

Supination Extension and abductor of thumb Extension of index finger

Question 30

Where are the muscles that perform pronation?

Answer 30

There are two muscles: In the deep and superficial layers of the posterior compartment of the forearm

Question 31

What is the general functions of the muscles in the deep layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 31

- Flexion of the thumb and fingers | - pronation

Question 32

How can there be flexion of the fingers whilst maintaining extension of the wrist if it is the same muscle bringing about flexion across all these joints?

Answer 32

Synergist Extensor muscle in the posterior compartment that only extends the wrist

Question 33

What is the role of the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

Answer 33

Fine tuning of movements of thumb and fingers

Question 34

Where do the intrinsic muscles of the hands originate?

Answer 34

Flexor retinaculum

Question 35

What is the name for the thumb muscles? | What movements can these muscles bring about?

Answer 35

Thenar muscles - flexion - extension - adduction - abduction - rotation (opposition)

Question 36

What is the name for the muscles of the little fingers?

Answer 36

Hypothenar muscles

Question 37

What are lumbricals?

Answer 37

Muscles of the digits intrinsic to the hand