Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIOM20002 - HSF > Lecture 54 - Cardiovascular Function 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 54 - Cardiovascular Function 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions of the cardiovascular system?

A

Transport:
• Nutrients, water, gases
• Signals
• Wastes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the signals that the cardiovascular system transports?

A
  • Hormones
  • Inflammatory mediators
  • Antibodies
  • Clotting Factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which wastes does the cardiovascular system carry away from cells?

A
  • CO2

* Metabolic wastes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Do veins carry oxygen?

A

Yes

Not as much as the arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which structure in the body has the most well oxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which structure in the body has the least well oxygenated blood?

A

Coronary sinus

The heart extracts the most oxygen out of the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two circulations in the body?

A

Pulmonary circulation
• from right side of heart to lungs

Systemic circulation
• from the left side of the heart to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the definition of a portal system?

Give some examples

A

Two capillary beds in series

  • hepatic portal system
  • kidneys
  • hypothalamic portal system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where in the body is the blood at the highest and lowest pressure?

A

Highest: aorta

Lowest: vena cavae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does blood flow?

A

From areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is responsible for the fall in pressure in circulation?

A

Friction against the walls of the vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the definition of flow?

A

Vol / time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is flow proportional to?

Inversely proportional to?

A

Proportional to pressure gradient

Inversely proportional to resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is resistance?

A

Radius of tube
Length of tube
Viscosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

More flow in:

Smoothie or water?

A

Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

More flow in:

Yakult or crazy straw?

A

Yakult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

More flow in:

bubble tea straw or cocktail straw?

A

Bubble tea straw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which variable of the blood is easiest to rapidly change?

A

Vessel radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is muscle tone?

A

The state of partial contraction at all times of the smooth muscle in the smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is happening in vasodilation?

A

Relaxtion of the smooth muscle in the blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens during hyperventilation

A
  1. All the CO2 is being expelled
  2. Drop in partial pressure of CO2 in blood
  3. Vasoconstriction
  4. Decrease in blood flow to the head
  5. Fainting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where is blood flow the slowest?

Why?

A

Capillaries
Very high cross sectional area, flow rate is constant

Thus, the velocity is decreased.

23
Q

Which vessels don’t have elastic fibres?

Which do?

A
  • Capillary
  • Venule
  • Arteriole

Arteries and veins have elastic tissue

24
Q

Which vessels have smooth muscle?

A

Arteries and veins and arterioles

25
Are the walls of arteries floppy? | What does this mean?
No, stiff Substantial energy required to stretch the walls outward
26
What is the Windkessel effect?
Walls of the arteries distend when BP rises during systole Recoil: the elastic energy stored in the stretched artery pushes the blood forward
27
When does the Windkessel effect diminish?
As we get older Due to atherosclerosis
28
Where is most of the blood volume at any one time?
Veins: 64%
29
Compare veins to arteries
More numerous Less elastic & wider Expand easily → reservoir for blood
30
Solute concentration is higher in A than in B. Where does water flow?
Flows into A
31
What is Fick's law of diffusion?
Proportionate to: • Surface area • Permeability • Concentration gradient Inversely proportionate to: • Thickness
32
Describe the structure and function of capillaries
One cell thick: endothelium | → maximises diffusion across according to Fick's law of diffusion
33
Compare intestitial and plasma fluid
* Solute: almost equal | * Protein: high in plasma, low in interstitial fluid
34
Describe the modes of transport across capillaries
* Diffusion: small molecules etc. * Vesicular transport: protein * Bulk flow
35
Describe bulk flow
Overall mass movement of fluid between plasma and interstitial fluid Due to hydrostatic / osmotic pressure gradients
36
What are the two types of bulk flow? | Distinguish them
Filtration: out of capillary Absorption: into capillary
37
What are the forces that regulate bulk flow? What are these also known as
1/ Colloid osmotic pressure • plasma proteins 2/ Hydrostatic pressure • pushing of blood out through the capillaries • blood exerting pressure on the walls of the vessel
38
Describe the change in hydrostatic pressure as blood flows along a capillary
Energy lost to friction Decrease in hydrostatic pressure
39
Which pressures favour filtration?
Capillary hydrostatic pressure Interstitial oncotic pressure
40
Which pressures favour absorption?
Interstitial hydrostatic pressure Plasma oncotic pressure
41
What is the main thing in the plasma that contributed to plasma oncotic pressure?
Plasma proteins | • Albumin
42
What is bulk flow?
Balance of filtration and absorption
43
Filtration =
Pc - Pif
44
Absorption =
Colloid osmotic (interstitial) - Colloid osmotic (capillary)
45
Net pressure =
Hydrostatic P + Colloid Osmotic P
46
What is the change in hydrostatic pressure along the capillary?
Decrease in Hydrostatic pressure
47
What is the change in colloid osmotic pressure along the capillary?
Assumed to be roughly constant
48
There is net bulk flow out of capillaries. | Where does the extra fluid go?
Into the lymphatics
49
Describe the flow of fluid from intertstitial fluid
* Interstitial fluid * Lymph vessels * Larger lymph vessels * Lymph ducts * Venous circulation
50
What happens when Bulk flow is greater than lymphatic drainage?
Oedema
51
How does the lymph system function?
Smooth muscle in lymphatic vessel walls One way valves Muscle pump also aids flow of lymph
52
What are the functions of the lymph system?
1. Return fluid and proteins to circulation 2. Pick up fats absorbed from small intestine 3. Immune system, movement of antigens and white cells
53
What are some circumstances under which there would be oedema?
``` Severe malnutrition Decrease in blood protein concentration Obstruction of lymph nodes Fluid overload Heart failure → increase in venous pressure ```
54
How does the heart make blood flow?
It creates a pressure gradient

BIOM20002 - HSF (60 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions