Lecture 66 - Female Reproductive System Flashcards
(45 cards)
Describe the main structures of the female reproductive tract
Vagina Uterus Bladder Rectum Bones: - pubis - sacrum, coccyx Pelvic floor: openings
Where is the pelvis?
Area within the pelvic bones
What is the pelvic diaphragm?
Pelvic floor
Supports the viscera in the pelvis
Separates the pelvis from the perineum
Attachments for the external genitalia
Describe the anterior - posterior organisation of structures in the pelvis
Bladder
Uterus
Rectum
What are the two triangles?
Anterior: Urogenital
Posterior: anal triangle
Which muscle forms the pelvic diaphragm?
Levator ani muscle
Attaches at pelvic brim
What are the holes in the pelvic diaphragm?
Anterior: Urogenital hiatus - urethra - vagina Anal aperture - anus
What are the subdivisions of levator ani?
Puborectalis
Pubococcygeus
Iliococcygeus
Describe the function of puborectalis
Tonically contracted
Forms a sling around the back on the anus
Contraction: pulls anus forwards and upwards –> kink, keeping anus closed
Describe the structures superficial to the perineum
Perineal membrane
- NB only covers anterior urogenital triangle
- openings
What is the deep perineal pouch?
Contains skeletal muscle for sphincters of:
- urethra
- vagina opening
Where is the deep perineal pouch?
*
Describe how damage can occur to the pelvic floor, and which structures are at risk
During childbirth
- perineum
- levator ani
- perineal fascia
- pubococcygeus
- pubrectalis
What happens after damage to pelvic floor
Urinary stress incontinence
Prolapse of uterus
Faecal incontinence
What is the inner lining of the uterus?
Endometrium
- very vascularised
Shed during menstrual cycle
Draw and label the uterus and vagina
Slide 8
Fallopian tube Fundus Body Cervix Fomix Vagina
What are the parts of the uterine tubes?
Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
Fimbria
Where are the ovaries located?
In the peritoneal cavity
Intraperitoneal
Describe the walls of thr uterus
Thick
Muscular
What is the cervix?
Opening of the uterus into the vagina
Where is the uterus located?
Draw this
Anteverted to vagina
Antiflexed over bladder
Slide 9
Which structures support the uterus?
The bladder posteriorally
What happens when the uterus is displaced?
Retroverted
Retroflexed
Uterus in same plane as vagina
–> Prolapse of uterus through vagina
How does the ovary attach to uterus?
Ligament of ovary
